Fluorescent probes for sensing and visualizing methylglyoxal: progress, challenges, and perspectives.

Methylglyoxal (MGO) plays an important role not only in physiological processes but also in pathological conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, developing accurate quantitative tools for MGO is of great significance for studying pathogenesis. Among the various methods available, the fluorescent probe method has garnered considerable attention due to its noninvasive detection capability, exceptional optical properties, good biocompatibility, and high sensitivity.

Construction of robust fluorescent probe for CO detection and assessment of the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy acute CO poisoning.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, toxic, and polluting gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances such as coal and petroleum. CO is also a gaseous signaling molecule, which participates in and regulates a series of physiological and pathological processes. In this work, two kinds of CO-activated fluorescence probes 2 and 4 were designed and synthesized for the rapid detection of CO and evaluation of acute CO poisoning by hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Robust Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Rapid Evaluation of the Selenium Supplementation Effect and Imaging.

At present, an increasing number of people pay more attention to selenium-enriched food, but the quality of the selenium-enriched food varies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new tool to assess the effects of selenium supplementation in foods by rapidly detecting the levels of the metabolite selenium selenocysteine (Sec). In this work, a fluorescent nanoprobe was designed, synthesized, and characterized for Sec detection and imaging in living biosystems, which exhibited the advantages of good biocompatibility, excellent water solubility, high sensitivity, high selectivity, and rapid response (2.

Aptasensors application for cow's milk allergens detection and early warning: Progress, challenge, and perspective.

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is considered one of the most prevalent food allergies and a public health concern. Modern medical research shows that the effective way to prevent allergic reactions is to prevent allergic patients from consuming allergenic substances. Therefore, the development of rapid and accurate detection technology for milk allergens detection and early warning is critical to safeguarding those with a cow milk allergy.

Nanomaterials-based aptasensors for rapid detection and early warning of key food contaminants: A review.

The frequent occurrence of food safety incidents has aroused public concern about food safety and key contaminants. Foodborne pathogen contamination, pesticide residues, heavy metal residues, and other food safety problems will significantly impact human health. Therefore, developing efficient and sensitive detection method to ensure food safety early warning is paramount.

The Application of Hydrogen Sulfide Fluorescent Probe in Food Preservation, Detection and Evaluation.

This work primarily reviewed the response mechanism of fluorescent probes for HS detection in foodstuffs in recent years, as well as the methodologies employed for detecting foodstuffs. Firstly, the significance of studying HS gas as an important signaling molecule is introduced. Subsequently, a review of the response mechanism of the scientific community on how to detect HS in foodstuffs samples by fluorescent probe technology is carried out.

Construction of an effective near-infrared fluorescence "turn-on" probe for hydrogen sulfide detection and imaging in living inflammatory cell and zebrafish models.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) can act as a gaseous signaling mediator closely associated with inflammation development. In this work, we designed a fluorescence turn-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe CIT-HS based on Intermolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) for the detection of HS in living inflammatory cells and zebrafish. On this basis, a dicyanoisophorone fluorophore was chosen as the fluorescence signal reporting group of CIT-HS, and an azide group was constructed as the recognition group of HS.

A high-fidelity dual-channel fluorescence probe for benzoyl peroxide detection and toxicity early warning in food, zebrafish, and mice.

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), as a widely used organic peroxide, has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society for its environmental hazards and potential risks to human health. Herein, we employed a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy to construct a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe CY-DCI for BPO detection in food, zebrafish, and mice. Specifically, a hemicyanine fluorophore and a dicyanoisophorone fluorophore were connected with a piperazine group as donor and acceptor, respectively, and an olefinic unsaturated bond as the reaction site.

Construction of a double-increasing emission fluorescent probe and its application in food detection of benzoyl peroxide and biosystem imaging.

In this work, based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism strategy, a new dual-increasing emission proportional near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe Lay-1 was designed for fast benzoyl peroxide (BPO) detection in real food samples and biosystems. Specifically, it employed a naphthylimide derivative and a NIR fluorophore dicyanoisophorone derivative as the energy transfer donor and acceptor, respectively, and a phenylboronic acid (Ph-B(OH)) as the responding group of BPO. In addition, the results exhibited that the fluorescence color of Lay-1 was changed from red to orange in the absence and the presence of BPO with a fast response time (∼120 s), high sensitivity, and an excellent limit of detection as low as 60.

Tumor Microenvironment Activatable Nanoprodrug System for In Situ Fluorescence Imaging and Therapy of Liver Cancer.

The development of new imaging and treatment nanoprodrug systems is highly demanded for diagnosis and therapy of liver cancer, a severe disease characterized by a high recurrence rate. Currently, available small molecule drugs are not possible for cancer diagnosis because of the fast diffusion of imaging agents and low efficacy in treatment due to poor water solubility and significant toxic side effects. In this study, we report the development of a tumor microenvironment activatable nanoprodrug system for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.

Molecular engineering of a new method for effective removal of cadmium from water.

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread and highly toxic environmental pollutant, seriously threatening animal and plant growth. Therefore, monitoring and employing robust tools to enrich and remove Cd from the environment is a major challenge. In this work, by conjugating a fluorescent indicator (CCP) with a functionalized glass slide, a special composite material (CCPB) was constructed to enrich, remove, and monitor Cd in water rapidly.

Neo-construction of a SO-tunable near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe for high-fidelity diagnosis and evaluation hazards of Cd-induced liver injury.

Cadmium-contaminated water and food are seriously hazardous to the human health, especially liver injury. To understand the entanglement relationship between cadmium ion (Cd)-induced liver injury and the biomarker sulfur dioxide (SO), a reliable bioanalytical tool is urgently needed, detecting SO to diagnose and evaluate the extent of liver injury in vivo. Herein, based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, a novel SO-tunable NIR ratiometric fluorescent probe (SMP) was developed, it was used to diagnose and treat liver injury induced by Cd in biosystems.

Activatable fluorescent probes for early diagnosis and evaluation of liver injury.

With the increase in people's living standards, the number of patients suffering from liver injury keeps on increasing. Traditional diagnostic methods can no longer meet the needs of early and accurate diagnosis due to their limitations in application. However, fluorescent probes based on different fluorophores and nanomaterials have been gradually lighting up medical research due to their unique properties, such as high specificity and non-invasiveness.

Construction of a super large Stokes shift near-infrared fluorescent probe for detection and imaging of superoxide anion in living cells, zebrafish and mice.

As one of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O) is engaged in maintaining redox homeostasis in the cell microenvironment. To identify the pathological roles in related disorders caused by abnormal expression of O, it is of great significance to monitor and track the fluctuation of O concentration in vivo. However, the low concentration of O and the interference caused by tissue autofluorescence make the development of an ideal detection methodology full of challenges.

Rational construction of reliable fluorescent probes for rapid detection and imaging evaluation of hazardous thiophenol in real-food and biosystems.

Thiophenol (PhSH), a highly reactive aromatic thiol, plays an essential role as a common industrial raw material in food, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In this work, we designed and constructed two fluorescent probes CM-PhSH and CM-Ratio-PhSH by a rational strategy. Specifically, coumarin fluorophores with excellent optical properties were modified, and olefinic unsaturated bonds served as reaction sites for the detection of PhSH.

Fluorescence probes evaluated the hydrogen peroxide level in rice roots under cadmium ion stress.

Abiotic stress and oxidative stress are closely related to the health status of plants. Plants will produce oxidative stress under abiotic stress, induce mitochondrial dysfunction, cause programmed cell death, and decrease plant survival rate. It is well known that rice is an essential crop for humans, but its cadmium tolerance is poor.

High-fidelity fluorescent probes for visualizing the inhibitory behavior of selenium on cadmium uptake in rice.

Cadmium (Cd), a widespread and highly toxic environmental contaminant, has seriously impacted the growth of rice and the quality of its products. Hence, it is crucial to monitor and employ robust means to reduce Cd levels in rice, and selenium (Se) has been proven to chelate cadmium ion (Cd) in rice with rational use. Herein, for the first time, the reported selenocysteine (Sec) probe NN-Sec and the newly designed Cd probe SCP were chosen as visualization tools to monitor Sec-inhibited Cd uptake in rice.

Rationally Constructed Fluorescent Nanosensor for Nitric Oxide Detection and Imaging in Living Cells and Inflammatory Mice Models.

For the early diagnosis and effective evaluation of treatment effects of inflammation, a bioanalytical method is urgently needed to monitor the metabolite nitric oxide (NO) associated with inflammatory diseases. However, developing a reliable detection method with excellent water solubility, biocompatibility, long retention time, and blood circulation is still challenging. In this work, we reported for the first time a host-guest self-assembled nanosensor CTA for the quantitative detection and visualization of NO levels in inflammatory models.

A Review for In Vitro and In Vivo Detection and Imaging of Gaseous Signal Molecule Carbon Monoxide by Fluorescent Probes.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a vital endogenous gaseous transmitter molecule involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes in living biosystems. In order to investigate the biological function of CO, many technologies have been developed to monitor the level of endogenous CO in biosystems. Among them, the fluorescence detection technology based on the fluorescent probe has the advantages of high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, simple operation, especially non-invasive damage to biological samples, and the possibility of real-time in situ detection, etc.

Rational construction of a robust nanoprobe for highly selective and sensitive nitrite and formaldehyde detection and imaging in real foods.

Nitrite (NO) and formaldehyde (FA) are practice common food hazards, seriously threatening human health. Herein, for the first time a de novo nanoprobe, named MTB, with a single response group exhibiting different optical signals for NO/FA was reported, which had the following characteristics: i) An adamantane-labeled small molecule NI-adH grafted with polycyclodextrin (Poly-β-CD) to form MTB with excellent water-solubility and biocompatibility. ii) O-phenylenediamine (OPD) with photoinduced electron transfer (PET) played both a fluorescence quencher and as NO/FA trappers.

Activated Two-Photon Near-Infrared Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanoprobe for ONOO Detection and Early Diagnosis and Assessment of Liver Injury.

Liver injury poses a serious threat to human health and growing evidence suggests that it is closely associated with a biomarker (peroxynitrite, ONOO). Therefore, considering that the relationship of ONOO levels with the occurrence and development of liver injury disease remains a challenge, an urgent need exists to develop a reliable and robust tool for its visual rapid diagnosis and assessment. Herein, a two-photon near-infrared (TP-NIR) ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe () based on a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy was designed, synthesized, and characterized, which had the advantages of good water solubility, low background interference, deep tissue penetration, and high imaging resolution.

Rational construction of a new water soluble turn-on colorimetric and NIR fluorescent sensor for high selective Sec detection in Se-enriched foods and biosystems.

As a naturally occurring amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) plays a key role in a variety of cellular functions and Se-enriched foods. In this work, a robust water soluble fluorescence turn-on near-infrared (NIR) sensor NIR-Sec was constructed for Sec detection over biothiols in Se-enriched foods. Specifically, NIR-Sec contains a readily prepared water soluble NIR dicyanoisophorone fluorophore and a well-known response-site 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl moiety with strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect to quench the fluorescence intensity of NIR fluorophore.

Molecular engineering-based a dual-responsive fluorescent sensor for sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide detecting in acid rain and its imaging studies in biosystems.

Sulfur dioxide (SO) and nitric oxide (NO), known as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, are toxic air pollutants and seriously threaten human health. Herein, for the first time, a robust dual-response fluorescent sensor CGT with two different emission fluorophores and dual well-known response-group for visual bisulphites (HSO) and nitrites (NO) detection was reported. Specifically, once CGT was incubated with HSO firstly, the color of the test solution changed to dark yellow with no-fluorescence emission, following added NO, the color of the test solution changed to yellow with a bright cyan emission.

Molecular engineering for construction of a novel ONOO- activated multicolor fluorescent nanoprobe for early diagnosis and assessing treatment of arthritis in vivo.

Early diagnosis and assessment of the therapeutic effect of arthritis requires a reliable bioanalytical method to quantitatively and selectively detect the biomarkers peroxynitrite (ONOO) in inflammatory diseases. Compared with previously reported probes for the specific detection of ONOO, molecular engineering based on ONOO-activated multicolor fluorescence nanoprobes will have the advantages of providing multi-channel information and be more suitable for bioimaging in multicomponent complex environments. Herein, for the first time, a fluorescent nanoprobe (CSU-FT) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which can be activated by ONOO, was constructed for multicolor fluorescence imaging, diagnosis and treatment of arthritis in inflammatory mice.