Aberrant STING activation promotes macrophage senescence by suppressing autophagy in vascular aging from diabetes.

Diabetic vascular aging is driven by macrophage senescence, which propagates senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP), exacerbating vascular dysfunction. This study utilized a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model induced by streptozotocin injection and a high-fat diet to investigate the role of STING in macrophage senescence. Vascular aging markers and senescent macrophages were assessed , while , high glucose treatment induced macrophage senescence, enhancing senescence in co-cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

Virulence and Diversity of f. sp. Populations in Northwestern and Southwestern Oversummering Regions of China.

Stripe rust, caused by f. sp. (), is the most devastating fungal disease affecting wheat in China, particularly in the northwestern (Qinghai, Gansu, and Ningxia) and southwestern (Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou) oversummering regions.

Impact of gut microbiota on cardiac aging.

Recent research has suggested imbalances in gut microbiota composition as contributors to cardiac aging. An individual's physical condition, along with lifestyle-associated factors, including diet and medication, are significant determinants of gut microbiota composition. This review discusses evidence of bidirectional associations between aging and gut microbiota, identifying gut microbiota-derived metabolites as potential regulators of cardiac aging.

Cumulative blood pressure predicts risk of stroke in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To determine whether cumulative blood pressure (BP) could predict stroke in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: BP levels at baseline and the initial three visits were obtained from individuals participating in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial who had not experienced a stroke. Cumulative elevations in BP were assessed by adding the weighted mean BP values at various time intervals.

Dapagliflozin impedes endothelial cell senescence by activating the SIRT1 signaling pathway in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) clinically reduce atherosclerosis and lower blood pressure. However, their impact on endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effect and underlying mechanism of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in diabetes.

Dapagliflozin prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction via sirtuin 1 activation.

Recent studies have demonstrated that dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, prevents endothelial dysfunction; however, direct effects of dapagliflozin on the endothelium under oxidative stress and the underlying mechanism of action are not completely understood. This study aimed to define the role and related mechanisms of dapagliflozin in hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced endothelial dysfunction. The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation effect of dapagliflozin was assessed in an organ bath study.

Association of the cumulative triglyceride-glucose index with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance and is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the long-term effect of the TyG index on the incidence of MACEs remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between the cumulative TyG index and the risk of MACEs in patients with T2DM.

Remnant Cholesterol and Its Visit-to-Visit Variability Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the ACCORD Cohort.

Objective: Remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) predicts atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, regardless of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This study assessed the associations between remnant-C and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This post hoc analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial used patient (type 2 diabetes >3 months) remnant-C and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) data from the study database.

HSF1 Protects Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

As an important transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) plays an endogenous anti-inflammation role in the body and can alleviate multiple organ dysfunction caused by sepsis, which contributes to an uncontrolled inflammatory response. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a supramolecular complex that plays key roles in immune surveillance. Inflammation is accomplished by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which leads to the proteolytic maturation of IL-1β and pyroptosis.

Abdominal Obesity Is Associated with an Increased Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Males but Not in Females with HFpEF.

Background: Association between abdominal obesity and development of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) between the sexes is not completely understood.

Objectives: This study evaluated the association between abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with HFpEF while performing a gender outcome comparison.

Methods: A post hoc analysis was undertaken from the American cohort of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT).

Impact of Baseline and Trajectory of Triglyceride-Glucose Index on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background And Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the association of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with the cardiovascular incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods And Results: Secondary analysis in patients with long-lasting T2DM from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes study was performed. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Significantly Increased Risk of All-Cause Mortality Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Living Alone.

Background: There is a lack of studies evaluating the association between living status and subsequent outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between living alone and the risk of all-cause mortality in T2DM patients.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis in patients with long-lasting T2DM from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study.

Sex Differences in Characteristics and Outcomes in Elderly Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Analysis From TOPCAT.

Although the impact of sex on patient outcomes for heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been reported, it is still unclear whether this impact is applicable for elderly patients with HFpEF. This study was conducted as a secondary analysis from a large randomized controlled trial-The Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT)-to evaluate the impact of sex differences on the baseline characteristics and outcomes of HFpEF patients who were older than 70 years. Baseline characteristic of elderly patients were compared between men and women.

Atherogenic index of plasma is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Previous studies reported the prognostic value of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in the course of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Still, the predictive utility of the AIP is unknown among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study, which randomized 10,251 patients with long-lasting T2DM.

Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and an Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Population of HFpEF.

The association between metabolic syndrome and the development of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has not been completely clarified. To evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of HF hospitalization for patients with HFpEF. Patient data were obtained from the American cohort of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial database.

Sex Differences in the Outcomes of Elderly Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: The impact of sex on the outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been suggested, but little is known about its impact on elderly patients with ACS.

Methods: This study analyzed the impact of sex on in-hospital and 1-year outcomes of elderly (≥75 years of age) patients with ACS hospitalized in our department between January 2013 and December 2017.

Results: A total of 711 patients were included: 273 (38.

Hyperuricemia is a Risk Factor for One-Year Overall Survival in Elderly Female Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but the impact of hyperuricemia and sex-related disparities is not fully clear in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Objective: To investigate the association between hyperuricemia and 1-year all-cause mortality in elderly patients with ACS.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 711 consecutive ACS patients aged ≥75 years, hospitalized in our center between January 2013 and December 2017.

Downregulated expression of miR-223 promotes Toll-like receptor-activated inflammatory responses in macrophages by targeting RhoB.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induced-inflammatory response must be tightly regulated to avoid impairment in host itself. Numerous factors have been identified in regulation of TLR-triggered inflammatory response. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules which have got much attention.

[Effect of free fatty acid on NALP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages].

Objective: To investigate the potential effect of NALP3 inflammasome on the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods: THP-1 macrophages were cultured for 24 h by palmitic acid at various concentrations. The THP-1 macrophages were pretreated with N-acetyl-cysteine at different doses for 24 h before the palmitic acid cultivation.