Publications by authors named "Liyao Cong"
Objective: The aim of this study was to further guide the diagnosis and treatment programs for clinical facial contouring with injectable fillers by studying the facial contour parameters and proportion preferences consistent with Asian aesthetics.
Methods: A total of 89 subjects (42 males and 47 females aged 20-60 years) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The subjects were grouped by age, sex, and external contour attractiveness score, and the external contour aesthetic parameters and proportions of the subjects in different groups were measured and analysed.
The Research Trend of Soft Tissue Filler Injection from 2000 to 2022: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
February 2024
Article Synopsis
- - The study conducted a bibliometric analysis of soft tissue filler injection research, identifying key trends and prominent authors in the field using data from the Web of Science Core Collection.
- - A total of 1370 relevant publications from 2000 to 2022 were analyzed, with the United States leading in research output, particularly through contributions from the Mayo Clinic.
- - Key findings highlighted that "dermal filler," "injection," and "hyaluronic acid" were the most popular research topics, emphasizing the need for enhanced safety measures to prevent complications related to filler injections.
Treatment of wrinkles and dynamic lines with botulinum toxin has been a routine practice for years in aesthetic clinical settings. The effective treatment of wrinkles requires a comprehensive understanding of facial expression muscles and their interactions, the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin, and individual patient preferences. The dose adjustment practice and injection technique of physicians are affected by cultural differences; most Asian patients prefer natural-looking results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Vascular complications from glabellar intravascular filler injections are major safety concerns. Filler injection into the glabella without precise knowledge of its vascular topography poses a risk of severe complications.
Methods: Computed tomography was used to study 90 cadaveric heads after contrast agent and filler injection, and 15 cadaveric heads were dissected.
Positions of the Glabellar Arteries: Implications for Glabellar Injection.
Aesthetic Plast Surg
October 2023
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore the vascular anatomy of the glabellar area to understand the risk of blindness associated with filler injections.
- Researchers examined 117 cadavers, identifying named arteries in four segments and measuring their depths at five designated points.
- Results showed a varying number of arteries in each segment, with an overall identification rate of 14%, indicating that careful placement during injections could minimize complications.
Clarifying the Anatomy of the Zygomatic Cutaneous Ligament: Its Application in Midface Rejuvenation.
Plast Reconstr Surg
February 2022
Article Synopsis
- Anatomical knowledge of the zygomatic cutaneous ligament is essential for midface rejuvenation, yet precise descriptions and locations remain unclear.
- The study involved dissecting 36 cadaver hemifaces to document the ligament's location relative to specific reference lines and surrounding structures.
- Findings show the zygomatic cutaneous ligament originates from the maxilla and zygoma, with measurements that could aid in understanding midcheek folds and improving surgical techniques for midface procedures.
Background: A comprehensive understanding of arterial variations around the midline of the nose is of great importance for the safety of filler injection.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to clearly define the 3-dimensional location of the arteries along the midline of the nasal bone.
Methods: The arterial structures overlapping the nasal bone along the midline were observed in 79 cadavers.
Background: The forehead has high risks associated with filler injection considering its highly complex vascular system. This study aims to thoroughly describe the anatomical variations and relationships between the supratrochlear artery (STA) and supraorbital artery (SOA).
Materials And Methods: We studied 56 cadaveric heads by computed tomography after contrast-agent injection.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to identify the 3D location of the detoured facial artery to prevent injury during filler injections in the nasojugal groove.
- It involved scanning and reconstructing the branches of facial arteries from 118 cadaveric hemifaces, finding detoured arteries in 39.8% of cases with two distinct arterial patterns.
- The detailed measurements of the detoured trunk’s proximity to key facial landmarks were reported, providing clinical guidance to avoid complications during cosmetic procedures.
Article Synopsis
- Temple filler injections are popular cosmetic procedures, but they pose risks due to vascular complications.* -
- The study used CT scans of cadaver heads to create detailed 3D images of temporal vessels, identifying how they are distributed in the temple region.* -
- The findings highlight specific probabilities of various arteries being located in different parts of the temple, which may enhance safety protocols for filler injections.*
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on enhancing facial ligaments using injectable fillers to achieve aesthetic improvements like face lifting.
- - Researchers identified and dissected six specific facial ligaments, confirming safe injection sites through 3D imaging in a small group of patients.
- - Results indicate that targeting these ligaments with precise injections can effectively rejuvenate the face and provide lifting effects, improving cosmetic outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines vascular complications from periorbital filler injections, highlighting the safety risks associated with these procedures.
- Researchers used 51 cadaver heads to investigate the superior orbital vessels, employing CT imaging to map their origin, depth, and connections.
- Findings revealed distinct layers of these vessels, with a high prevalence of deep and superficial superior orbital vessels, providing crucial insights for safer injection practices in the upper eyelid and forehead areas.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to identify the distribution of the accessory nerve in the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) to improve the effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections.
- Researchers analyzed 30 SCM specimens from Korean cadavers using Sihler's staining and divided the muscle into sections to pinpoint innervation.
- The findings indicated that the most densely innervated areas were located at 5/10-6/10 and 6/10-7/10 of the SCM, suggesting that injections should start in the medial region before moving to the lateral region for optimal results.
Three-Dimensional Topography of the Emerging Point of the Ophthalmic Artery.
Plast Reconstr Surg
January 2019
Background: During periorbital noninvasive and surgical procedures, there is the risk of iatrogenic injury to the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery. This study aimed to determine the three-dimensional location of the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery and to provide clinicians with anatomical information that would help them to avoid associated complications.
Methods: Seventeen hemifaces of the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery from 10 Korean and seven Thai cadavers were dissected and scanned by a three-dimensional scanner.
Background: Minimally invasive aesthetic procedures of the neck are becoming more popular. However, anatomical studies on the venous structures of the neck in relation to these procedures are lacking.
Objective: The aims of this study were to identify the locations and communication patterns of the anterior jugular vein and external jugular vein (AJV and EJV) and the communicating vein (CV) based on superficial anatomical landmarks and to determine dangerous areas for dermal filler injections into the neck.
Background: The supratrochlear and supraorbital artery branches from the ophthalmic artery are the primary suppliers of blood to the forehead. Filler injection into the forehead without precise knowledge of its vascular topography poses a risk of severe complications.
Methods: Twenty hemifaces from 11 cadavers were dissected.
Background: A detailed analysis of the topography of the inferior medial palpebral artery is needed to optimize the safety and efficacy of pretarsal roll augmentation.
Methods: Thirty-one hemifaces from 13 Korean and 8 Thai cadavers (15 male and six female cadavers) were dissected. The distributions of the inferior medial palpebral artery were determined with respect to the superior medial palpebral artery and the supratrochlear artery.
Purpose: This study describes the nerve entry points and intramuscular nerve branching of the tibialis anterior, providing essential information for therapeutic functional electrical stimulation and botulinum toxin injection.
Methods: One hundred and ten legs from Korean and Thai cadavers were dissected. Ten specimens were harvested and subjected to modified Sihler's staining.
Introduction: We sought to the ideal sites for botulinum toxin injection by examining the intramuscular nerve patterns of the ankle invertors.
Methods: A modified Sihler method was performed on the flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, and flexor digitorum longus muscles (10 specimens each). The muscle origins, nerve entry points, and intramuscular arborization areas were measured as a percentage of the total distance from the most prominent point of the lateral malleolus (0%) to the fibular head (100%).