Development of a nanobody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the sensitive detection of antibodies against porcine deltacoronavirus.

Unlabelled: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging porcine enteric coronavirus causing significant economic losses to the pig farming industry globally. In this study, we expressed the S protein of a highly virulent PDCoV strain in the CHO eukaryotic expression system. After immunizing alpaca with the PDCoV S protein and employing the phage display library technique, a high-affinity and specific nanobody Nb3 against PDCoV S protein was successfully established by three rounds of biopanning and a phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

HIF1A/PCDH7 axis mediates fatty acid synthesis and metabolism to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma anoikis.

Background: Aberrantly expressed PCDH7 participates in the malignant progression of many cancers. PCDH7 has been newly discovered as a risk factor in lung cancer, but its functional study in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been conducted yet. This study aimed to investigate the functional role of PCDH7 in LUAD.

Screening of IgE-Binding Epitopes of Peach Allergenic Protein Pru p 7 Based on an Immune Microarray Assay.

Pru p 7 (also named Peamaclein) is a member of the gibberellin-regulated protein family, which is the latest foodborne allergenic protein identified in peach. In this paper, the prokaryotic expression and identification of Pru p 7 were performed, and the protein properties, structure, and homology were analyzed. In addition, a preliminary screening of B-cell linear epitopes of Pru p 7 was performed by the bioinformatics software prediction method, and three epitopes were identified using slot-blot immune microarray assay combined with an immune score matrix (P-1, AA16-21, AGYQER; P-2, AA40-46, TYGNKDE; P-3, AA52-59, DLKNSKGN).

Diversity in storage age enables discrepancy in quality attributes and metabolic profile of Citrus grandis "Tomentosa" in China.

The folk proverb "the older, the better" is usually used to describe the quality of Citrus grandis "Tomentosa" (CGT) in China. In this study, CGT aged for 6-, 12-, 16-, and 19-years were collected for the investigation of infusion color, main bioactive components, antioxidant activity, metabolic composition, and pathway. The results found that infusion color, the total phenolic and flavonoid, and antioxidant activity of CGT were obviously changed by aging process.

Revealing oxidative degradation of lipids and screening potential markers of four vegetable oils during thermal processing by pseudotargeted oxidative lipidomics.

The oxidative degradation of lipids in vegetable oils during thermal processing may present a risk to human health. However, not much is known about the evolution of lipids and their non-volatile derivatives in vegetable oils under different thermal processing conditions. In the present study, a pseudotargeted oxidative lipidomics approach was developed and the evolution of lipids and their non-volatile derivatives in palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and flaxseed oil under different thermal processing conditions was investigated.

Authenticity identification of animal species in characteristic milk by integration of shotgun proteomics and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) based on tandem mass spectrometry.

Milk is one of the oldest natural dairies with high value, which has different species including cow, camel, donkey, goat, sheep, buffalo, yak and et al. However, economically motivated adulteration of non-cow milk with cheaper cow milk occurs frequently. To develop a high-throughput approach for milk species authentication, integration of shotgun proteomics and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was developed.

Unravelling dynamic changes in non-volatile and volatile metabolites of pulses during soaking: An integrated metabolomics approach.

An integrated metabolomics approach based on UPLC-QTOF-MS and HS-SPME-GC-orbitrap-MS was performed to investigate the dynamic changes of metabolite profiling in chickpeas, red speckled kidney beans, and mung beans during soaking. There were 23, 23, 16 non-volatile metabolites, and 18, 21, 22 volatile metabolites were identified as differential metabolites in chickpeas, red speckled kidney beans, and mung beans during soaking, respectively. These metabolites mainly included flavonoids, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and esters.

Oxidative lipidomics to elucidate the non-volatile derivatives of four typical triglycerides in vegetable oils under simulated frying conditions.

Vegetable oils with different saturations have varied composition of triglycerides (TGs) and produce different non-volatile derivatives during oxidation. Precise characterization of the non-volatile derivatives of TGs is essential for understanding the degradation of TGs and the production pattern of non-volatile derivatives. Oxidative lipidomics was combined with collision-induced dissociation and electron-activated dissociation to elucidate the precise structures of non-volatile derivatives produced under simulated frying conditions by 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (POP), triolein (OOO), trilinolein (LLL), and trilinolenin (LnLnLn).

Observation of Coexisting Dirac Bands and Moiré Flat Bands in Magic-Angle Twisted Trilayer Graphene.

Moiré superlattices that consist of two or more layers of 2D materials stacked together with a small twist angle have emerged as a tunable platform to realize various correlated and topological phases, such as Mott insulators, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum anomalous Hall effect. Recently, magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (MATTG) has shown both robust superconductivity similar to magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene and other unique properties, including the Pauli-limit violating and re-entrant superconductivity. These rich properties are deeply rooted in its electronic structure under the influence of distinct moiré potential and mirror symmetry.

Taurine Treatment Alleviates Intestinal Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Mice.

Taurine (Tau), a β-amino acid, exists in red goji fruit (Lycium barbarum L.). It exerts many cellular physiological functions such as anti-inflammation and oxidation resistance.

Approaching a Minimal Topological Electronic Structure in Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator MnBiTe via Surface Modification.

The topological electronic structure plays a central role in the nontrivial physical properties in topological quantum materials. A minimal, "hydrogen-atom-like" topological electronic structure is desired for research. In this work, we demonstrate an effort toward the realization of such a system in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBiTe, by manipulating the topological surface state (TSS) via surface modification.

The functional role of sulforaphane in intestinal inflammation: a review.

Intestinal inflammation represented by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global epidemic disease and the number of patients with IBD continues to increase. This digestive tract disease not only affects the absorption of food components by destroying the intestinal epithelial structure, but also can induce diseases in remote organs the gut-organ axis, seriously harming human health. Nowadays, increasing attention is being paid to the nutritional and medicinal value of food components with increasing awareness among the general public regarding health.

Effects of postharvest cysteine treatment on sensory quality and contents of bioactive compounds in goji fruit.

Effects of cysteine (Cys) treatments (0, 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.

Two new species of a new genus, Pseudorogneda, of Polycystididae discovered in Southern China.

Two new species of the new genus Pseudorogneda of Polycystididae were discovered in a brackish environment from Southern China. Pseudorogneda sinensis n. gen.

Multispectral imaging for predicting the water status in mushroom during hot-air dehydration.

In-depth understanding of the shifting of water status during dehydration is crucial for obtaining better quality of dried food. In this work, we report a nondestructive method to measure the water status in hot-air dried mushroom via multispectral imaging (MSI) technology combined with chemometric methods. The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) measurements were performed as reference.

Melatonin treatment affects the glucoraphanin-sulforaphane system in postharvest fresh-cut broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.).

The effect of postharvest melatonin treatment on sulforaphane production of fresh-cut broccoli at 4℃ during storage was investigated in this study. Florets treated with 100 μM melatonin exhibited higher contents of total glucosinolates and sulforaphane. Glucoraphanin content was significantly increased after melatonin treatment, and which was explained by gene analysis.

Microcalcification classification assisted by content-based image retrieval for breast cancer diagnosis.

In this paper we propose a microcalcification classification scheme, assisted by content-based mammogram retrieval, for breast cancer diagnosis. We recently developed a machine learning approach for mammogram retrieval where the similarity measure between two lesion mammograms was modeled after expert observers. In this work we investigate how to use retrieved similar cases as references to improve the performance of a numerical classifier.

Learning a channelized observer for image quality assessment.

It is now widely accepted that image quality should be evaluated using task-based criteria, such as human-observer performance in a lesion-detection task. The channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) has been widely used as a surrogate for human observers in evaluating lesion detectability. In this paper, we propose that the problem of developing a numerical observer can be viewed as a system-identification or supervised-learning problem, in which the goal is to identify the unknown system of the human observer.

Three-dimensional sonography with needle tracking: role in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.

Objective: Image-guided prostate biopsy has become routine in medical diagnosis. Although it improves biopsy outcome, it mostly operates in 2 dimensions, therefore lacking presentation of information in the complete 3-dimensional (3D) space. Because prostatic carcinomas are nonuniformly distributed within the prostate gland, it is crucial to accurately guide the needles toward clinically important locations within the 3D volume for both diagnosis and treatment.

Improvement in C-arm acquired DSA image quality via combined effect of inverse consistent motion correction and nonlinear normalization.

In this paper, we present a new two-step strategy to improve DSA image quality. First, an inverse consistent image registration algorithm is used to register the mask frame and the bolus frame before subtraction. This can effectively reduce the motion artifacts in DSA.

Relevance vector machine for automatic detection of clustered microcalcifications.

Clustered microcalcifications (MC) in mammograms can be an important early sign of breast cancer in women. Their accurate detection is important in computer-aided detection (CADe). In this paper, we propose the use of a recently developed machine-learning technique--relevance vector machine (RVM)--for detection of MCs in digital mammograms.

A study on several machine-learning methods for classification of malignant and benign clustered microcalcifications.

In this paper, we investigate several state-of-the-art machine-learning methods for automated classification of clustered microcalcifications (MCs). The classifier is part of a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) scheme that is aimed to assisting radiologists in making more accurate diagnoses of breast cancer on mammograms. The methods we considered were: support vector machine (SVM), kernel Fisher discriminant (KFD), relevance vector machine (RVM), and committee machines (ensemble averaging and AdaBoost), of which most have been developed recently in statistical learning theory.