microRNA-637/661 ameliorate hypoxic-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting TRIM29 signaling pathway.

The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is closely linked to the abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Studies have demonstrated that microRNAs play pivotal roles in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. We found that microRNA-637 (miR-637) and microRNA-661 (miR-661) are expressed at low levels in the serum of PAH patients.

Discovery of GluN2A subtype-selective -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ligands.

The -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which belong to the ionotropic Glutamate receptors, constitute a family of ligand-gated ion channels. Within the various subtypes of NMDA receptors, the GluN1/2A subtype plays a significant role in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The present article aims to provide a comprehensive review of ligands targeting GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors, encompassing negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and competitive antagonists.

Is there role of adjuvant radiotherapy after complete resection of locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer?

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to provide a timely and relevant overview of the role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in completely resected stage IIIA-N2 nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Given the controversy surrounding the use of PORT and the emergence of advanced radiation techniques and therapies, this review provides valuable insight into current and potential treatment strategies.

Recent Findings: The Lung ART and PORT-C trials have provided valuable insights into the efficacy of PORT in stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC.

Measurement of the Xe(n,2n)Xe and Xe(n,2n)Xe reaction cross-sections and isomeric ratios induced by the 14.8 MeV neutrons.

The precise measurement of the (n, 2n) reaction cross-sections of xenon isotopes is of great significance for the diagnosis of the Inertial Confinement Fusion fuel area density ρR. The preparation of xenon samples and how they can be efficiently adsorbed to obtain an optimal reaction cross section are extremely difficult in existing experiments. This work aims to use the Nb(n,2n)Nb reaction cross section as the standard to calculate the cross-sections and isomeric ratio for Xe(n,2n)Xe and Xe(n,2n)Xe reactions.

Effects of dexmedetomidine administration on outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A propensity score-matching analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on outcomes of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Materials And Methods: Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database (MIMIC III). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis (1 : 3), Cox proportional hazards model, linear regression and logistic regression model were used to assess the effect of DEX on clinical outcomes.

Combining geophysics, remote sensing and numerical simulation to assess GLOFs: Case study of the Namulacuo Lake in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau.

The current highest glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) risk level is centered in the eastern Himalaya. GLOFs represent a serious threat to downstream inhabitants and ecological environment. In the context of climate warming on the Tibetan Plateau, such GLOFs will continue or even intensify in the future.

Disubstituted pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives as novel HIV-1 NNRTIs: Crystallographic overlay-based molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.

Herein, via crystallographic overlay-based molecular hybridization strategy, a series of disubstituted pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives were designed by introducing an amide moiety to the central core of the lead etravirine. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 potencies in MT-4 cells using the MTT method. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed promising antiviral activities against the wild-type (IIIB) and a panel of HIV-1 NNRTIs-resistant strains.

Identification of Boronate-Containing Diarylpyrimidine Derivatives as Novel HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.

In this study, privileged boronic acid ester was introduced into the right wing of etravirine (ETR) to obtain a series of novel boronate-containing derivatives. These newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their anti-HIV potency in MT-4 cells using the MTT method, and their inhibitory activity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) was assayed by the ELISA method. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed promising antiviral activity against the wild-type and a wide range of HIV-1 mutant strains.

Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus anlotinib in small cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a retrospective, multicentre study.

Background: Previous studies showed that both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anlotinib have central nervous system (CNS) efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICIs combined with anlotinib in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with brain metastases (BMs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed SCLC patients with CNS metastases confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

TIGIT blockade enhances tumor response to radiotherapy via a CD103 + dendritic cell-dependent mechanism.

Blockade of the T cell immunoreceptor with the immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) can enhance innate and adaptive tumor immunity and radiotherapy (RT) can enhance anti-tumor immunity. However, our data suggest that TIGIT-mediated immune suppression may be an impediment to such goals. Herein, we report on the synergistic effects of RT combined with anti-TIGIT therapy and the mechanism of their interaction.

Measurement of the Co(n,2n)Co reaction cross section induced by 14.8 MeV neutrons.

The measurement of the Co(n,2n)Co reaction cross section with the neutron energy of 14.8 MeV has been performed by the activation method and relative measurement principle. The 300 kV Cockcroft Walton Accelerator of China Institute of Atomic Energy was used to produce quasi monoenergetic neutron beams by the T(D, n)He reaction.

TGIF1 plays a carcinogenic role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the Wnt/β‑catenin and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.

TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 (TGIF1), a transcriptional corepressor, has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis and cancer development. However, the role of TGIF1 in the growth and metastasis of esophageal cancer is poorly studied. In the present study, it was found that TGIF1 was highly expressed in esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines.

Perspective on treatment for unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer with oncogene-driven mutation: a narrative review.

The standard treatment of unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA NSCLC) is concurrent chemoradiotherapy. With the addition of immunotherapy, patients with LA NSCLC received a significantly prolonged outcome, while patients with harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation benefited less. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of stage IV with harboring EGFR mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement, but there are few recommendations indicating whether TKI treatment is effective in unresectable NSCLC.

Long non-coding RNAs as targets for immunosuppressive drug teriflunomide in anti-cancer potential for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer. Because of the relatively chemotherapy-refractory nature of HCC and significant potential poor hepatic reserve, chemotherapy has not been used consistently in the treatment of HCC. Effective new drugs for HCC are urgently needed.

Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Cardiac Function in Rats With Myocardial Infarction.

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic training (AT) both improve cardiac function; however, their effects on cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) and the molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, HIIT, AT and sedentary (SED) interventions were performed for 4 weeks to compare the effects on cardiac function after MI and explore a more suitable approach for clinical application and the potential mechanisms.

Methods: Twenty-four (24) male rats were randomly divided into a control group (CON), MI-sedentary group (MI-SED), MI-aerobic training group (MI-AT), and MI-high-intensity interval training group (MI-HIIT).

Nimotuzumab, an EGFR‑targeted antibody, promotes radiosensitivity of recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Local tumor recurrence is one of the main causes for the failure of esophageal cancer treatment following radiotherapy. Previous studies have demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‑targeted therapy combined with radiotherapy is expected to become an effective means to control tumor recurrence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of nimotuzumab (an EGFR‑targeted antibody) in the treatment of recurrent esophageal carcinoma.

Mineral Fabric as a Hidden Variable in Fracture Formation in Layered Media.

Two longstanding goals in subsurface science are to induce fractures with a desired geometry and to adaptively control the interstitial geometry of existing fractures in response to changing subsurface conditions. Here, we demonstrate that microscopic mineral fabric and structure interact with macroscopic strain fields to generate emergent meso-scale geometries of induced fractures. These geometries define preferential directions of flow.

Ten-Year Outcomes Of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) Combine With Chemotherapy Versus IMRT Alone For Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma In The Real-World Study (RWD).

Objectives: The aim was to define the role of chemotherapy in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to identify the toxicity of chemotherapy for these patients in the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods: Between January 2002 and December 2013, 169 patients with stage II NPC were analyzed. Of these patients, 149 patients treated with chemotherapy were divided into three groups as follows: neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by IMRT (NCT) group, concurrent chemotherapy with IMRT (CCRT) group, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CCRT (NC+CCRT) group.

R-spondin family members as novel biomarkers and prognostic factors in lung cancer.

The R-spondin (RSPO) family of secreted proteins consists of four members that have critical roles in embryonic development and organogenesis. However, the expression patterns and the exact roles of the individual RSPO family members in tumorigenesis and progression of lung cancer are unknown, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer, which accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases. In the present study, data from the ONCOMINE database was used to compare the RNA expression levels of RSPOs in multiple different types of cancer with normal controls.

Membrane-Binding Adhesive Particulates Enhance the Viability and Paracrine Function of Mesenchymal Cells for Cell-Based Therapy.

Understanding the fundamental cell-material interactions is essential to designing functional materials for biomedical applications. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to secrete cytokines and exosomes that are effective to treat degenerative diseases, the inherent property of biomaterials to modulate the therapeutic function of MSCs remains to be investigated. Here, a multivalent cell-membrane adhesive conjugate was generated through polyamindoamine (PAMAM) and an oligopeptide, IKVAV, and the conjugate was further complexed with hyaluronic acid (HA).

Proton beam therapy for cancer in the era of precision medicine.

Precision radiotherapy, which accurately delivers the dose on a tumor and confers little or no irradiation to the surrounding normal tissue and organs, results in maximum tumor control and decreases the toxicity to the utmost extent. Proton beam therapy (PBT) provides superior dose distributions and has a dosimetric advantage over photon beam therapy. Initially, the clinical practice and study of proton beam therapy focused on ocular tumor, skull base, paraspinal tumors (chondrosarcoma and chordoma), and unresectable sarcomas, which responded poorly when treated with photon radiotherapy.