Structure-property relationship of pea protein microgels as fat analogues in Pickering oil-in-water emulsions: effect of salt addition.

Background: The design of plant-based microgels provides a platform for food ingredients to enhance palatability and functionality. This work aimed to explore the modifying effect of salt addition (KCl) on the structure of pea protein microgel particles (PPI MPs), on the interfacial adsorption and characteristics of formed emulsions as fat analogues.

Results: Salt addition (0-200 mmol L) promoted a structural transformation from α-helix to β-sheet, increased the surface hydrophobicity (from 1160.

Engineering surfactant-free pickering double emulsions gels with different structures as low-calorie fat analogues: Tunable oral perception, inhibiting lipid digestion, and potent co-delivery for lycopene and epigallocatechin gallate.

Structural design has been as a transformative strategy to create clean-label and well-nourished fat-based foods. Herin, surfactant-free, plant-based oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions gels (EGs) were designed using protein microgels and fat crystals formed in situ, which achieved dual-interface Pickering stabilization. The suitability and difference of O/W/O and W/O/W EGs as fat analogues in maintaining fat texture, inhibiting lipid digestion, target release and bioactivity of co-loading epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and lycopene were examined.

Walrycin B, as a novel separase inhibitor, exerts potent anticancer efficacy in a mouse xenograft model.

Proper chromosome segregation during cell division relies on the timely dissolution of chromosome cohesion. Separase (EC3.4.

Structural insight into the Csx1-Crn2 fusion self-limiting ribonuclease of type III CRISPR system.

In the type III CRISPR system, cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) molecules act as second messengers, activating various promiscuous ancillary nucleases that indiscriminately degrade host and viral DNA/RNA. Conversely, ring nucleases, by specifically cleaving cOA molecules, function as off-switches to protect host cells from dormancy or death, and allow viruses to counteract immune responses. The fusion protein Csx1-Crn2, combining host ribonuclease with viral ring nuclease, represents a unique self-limiting ribonuclease family.

Carrageenan-induced conjugated oat protein isolate microgel particles as structure modulators in fat analogues and their digestion behaviors.

Hypothesis: Engineering plant-based microgel particles (MPs) at a molecular scale is meaningful to prepare functional fat analogues. We hypothesize that oat protein isolate (OPI) and κ-carrageenan (CA) have synergy in MPs formation, using MPs with controllable structure, and further to fabricate fat analogues with adjustable characteristics is feasible. Their digestion fate will also be possibly modulated by interfacial coatings.

Fat analogue emulsions stabilized by peanut protein microgel particles: microscale and nanoscale structure and stabilization process analysis.

Background: Biopolymer-based microgels are being regarded increasingly as promising building blocks in food applications. This study aimed to clarify the evolution process of the network for fat analogue emulsions stabilized by peanut protein isolate (PPI) microgel particles. It also investigated the interfacial structure and characteristics of emulsions (50% oil phase, w/w) stabilized by microgels under different pH conditions.

Molecular mechanism of allosteric activation of the CRISPR ribonuclease Csm6 by cyclic tetra-adenylate.

Type III CRISPR systems are innate immune systems found in bacteria and archaea, which produce cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers in response to viral infections. In these systems, Csm6 proteins serve as ancillary nucleases that degrade single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) upon activation by cOA. In addition, Csm6 proteins also possess cOA-degrading activity as an intrinsic off-switch to avoid degradation of host RNA and DNA that would eventually lead to cell dormancy or cell death.

Edible polysaccharide-based oleogels and novel emulsion gels as fat analogues: A review.

Polysaccharide-based oleogels and emulsion gels have become novel strategies to replace solid fats due to safe and plentiful raw material, healthier fatty acid composition, controllable viscoelasticity, and more varied nutrition/flavor embedding. Recently, various oleogelation techniques and novel emulsion gels have been reported further to enrich the potential of polysaccharides in oil structuring, in which a crucial step is to promote the formation of polysaccharide networks determining gel properties through different media. Meanwhile, polysaccharide-based oleogels and emulsion gels have good oil holding, nutrient/flavor embedding, and 3D food printability, and their applications as fat substitutes have been explored in foods.

Regulate structure and properties of κ-carrageenan/konjac glucomannan composite hydrogel by filling effects of Quillaja saponin-stabilized solid lipid nanostructure.

κ-Carrageenan/konjac glucomannan (κ-CA/KGM) composite hydrogels often fail to meet industrial requirements due to their low gel strength and poor mechanical properties, while solid lipid nanoparticles are potential materials to address this challenge due to their good biocompatibility. In the study, we propose using Quillaja saponin-stabilized solid lipid nanoparticle (QSLN) as nanofillers to enhance properties of κ-carrageenan/konjac glucan (κ-CA/KGM) composite hydrogels, and with emphasis on the effect of QSLN filling concentration on the structure and properties of composite hydrogels and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The best performance of QSLN-filled composite hydrogels was achieved at the QSLN concentration of 2.

A Nonlinear-Model-Based High-Bandwidth Current Sensor Design for Switching Current Measurement of Wide Bandgap Devices.

With the growing adoption of wide bandgap devices in power electronic applications, current sensor design for switching current measurement has become more important. The demands for high accuracy, high bandwidth, low cost, compact size, and galvanic isolation pose significant design challenges. The conventional modeling approach for bandwidth analysis of current transformer sensors assumes that the magnetizing inductance remains constant, which does not always hold true in high-frequency operations.

Thermal-reversible lacquer wax-based oleofoams in dual stabilization with high ambient stability.

In this study, the effect of the content of the lacquer wax and whipping time on the overrun was explored. It was found that an appropriate amount of wax content and whipping time could promote crystal dual stabilization through the Pickering mechanism and the close packing in the bulk phase. Otherwise, it would result in low overrun caused by high viscous and crystal bridging.

Comparative study of natural wax-based W/O emulsion gels: Microstructure and macroscopic properties.

In this paper, six kinds of natural wax, including sunflower wax (SFX), rice bran wax (RBX), carnauba Brazilian wax (CBX), beeswax (BWX), candelilla wax (CDX), and sugarcane wax (SGX) were used to prepare water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion gels. Microstructures and rheological properties of all emulsion gels were investigated by microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and rheometer, respectively. By comparing polarized light images of wax-based emulsion gels and corresponding wax-based oleogels, it could be found that dispersed water droplets greatly affected the crystal distribution and hindered crystal growth.

Molecular basis of stepwise cyclic tetra-adenylate cleavage by the type III CRISPR ring nuclease Crn1/Sso2081.

The cyclic oligoadenylates (cOAs) act as second messengers of the type III CRISPR immunity system through activating the auxiliary nucleases for indiscriminate RNA degradation. The cOA-degrading nucleases (ring nucleases) provide an 'off-switch' regulation of the signaling, thereby preventing cell dormancy or cell death. Here, we describe the crystal structures of the founding member of CRISPR-associated ring nuclease 1 (Crn1) Sso2081 from Saccharolobus solfataricus, alone, bound to phosphate ions or cA4 in both pre-cleavage and cleavage intermediate states.

A Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug Conjugated with a BODIPY-Based Photothermal Agent for Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photothermal Combination Therapy.

Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) have drawn increasing attention for improving the antitumor effects while minimizing side effects. However, the heterogeneous distribution of the hypoxic region in tumors severely impedes the curative effect of HAPs. Additionally, most HAPs are not amenable to optical imaging, and it is difficult to precisely trace them in tissues.

Ionic-liquid-based effervescence-enhanced magnetic solid-phase extraction for organophosphorus pesticide detection in water samples.

Herein, an ionic-liquid-based effervescence-enhanced magnetic solid-phase extraction (ILE-MSPE) approach for the extraction/concentration of organophosphorus pesticides in waters is reported with high stability and portability for rapid sample pretreatment in the field. The ionic-liquid-based magnetic effervescent tablet, composed of magnetic nanoparticles (FeO), sodium carbonate (NaCO) as an alkaline source, and an ionic liquid ([CMIM][PF]), played triple functions: extractant, dispersant, and retrieving agent. Based on the one-factor-at-a-time method, the important variables for the ILE-MSPE approach were optimized as follows: as an extractant, 70 μL of [CMIM][PF]; molar ratio of alkaline to acidic sources (NaCO : HCHO) as 1 : 1; and mass of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of 30 mg.

Discovery of a novel Aurora B inhibitor GSK650394 with potent anticancer and anti- dual efficacies .

Invasive fungal infections including Candidiasis and Aspergillosis are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, such as cancer patients. Aurora B is a key mitotic kinase required for the cell division of eukaryotes from fungus to man. Here, we identified a novel Aurora B inhibitor GSK650394 that can inhibit the recombinant Aurora B from human and , with IC values of 5.

Synergetic effects of water-soluble polysaccharides for intensifying performances of oleogels fabricated by oil-absorbing cryogels.

Oleogels were prepared by the cryogel-templated method from porous cryogels, which were co-structured using hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose and structural enhancers (such as flaxseed gum, κ-carrageenan, carboxymethyl-cellulose, arabic gum, and guar gum). The hardness, network density, pore size, pore volume, and SEM micrographs of cryogels showed that κ-carrageenan and flaxseed gum could keep the integrity of aqueous foams during freeze-drying and endow cryogels with the high hardness and content to hold oils (>98%). Oil absorption curves indicated that flaxseed gum and guar gum-enhanced cryogels provided the fastest oil absorption rate due to bigger pores.

Soft κ-carrageenan microgels stabilized pickering emulsion gels: Compact interfacial layer construction and particle-dominated emulsion gelation.

Hypothesis: The well-known gelling ability of κ-carrageenan can make aqueous solutions into soft materials, which are crisp and can be mechanically treated into the nano-sized microgel particle (MP) as the building block for constructing the Pickering emulsion gel (PEG). MPs are expected to adhere and further create the network structure in PEGs due to their viscoelastic texture. Herein, properties of PEGs should be possibly altered by using MPs with different pH and ionic strength.

Effects of polar compounds in fried palm oil on liver lipid metabolism in C57 mice.

Polar components (PCs) are produced during the frying of oil, affecting the quality of edible oil and posing a hazard to human health. In this study, C57 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet containing purified PCs for nine weeks. Their effects on lipid metabolism and liver function in animals were analyzed.

Lipid metabolism disorder induced by up-regulation of miR-125b and miR-144 following β-diketone antibiotic exposure to F0-zebrafish (Danio rerio).

β-Diketone antibiotics (DKAs) are widely used in human and veterinary medicine to prevent and treat a large variety of infectious diseases. Long-term DKA exposure to zebrafish can result in lipid metabolism disorders and liver function abnormalities. Based on our previous miRNA-seq analyses, miR-144 and miR-125b were identified as target genes regulating lipid metabolism.

A novel naphthalene carboxylic acid-based ionic liquid mixed disperser combined with ultrasonic-enhanced in-situ metathesis reaction for preconcentration of triclosan and methyltriclosan in milk and eggs.

A microextraction method was developed based on utilization of a novel ionic liquid (IL) [CMIM][NCA] as disperser and conventional ILs as extractor (IL-IL-DLLME). This method was integrated with an in-situ metathesis reaction to achieve high extraction efficiency by eliminating the loss of analytes in the discarded disperser after microextraction. Ultrasonic energy was compared to traditional mechanical shaking to accelerate the in-situ metathesis reaction.