Preparation, process optimisation, stability and bacteriostatic assessment of composite nanoemulsion containing corosolic acid.

Corosolic acid (CA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, exhibits remarkably low hydrophilicity, restricting its application in aqueous systems. To enhance its hydrophilicity, we optimised nanoemulsion preparation conditions, resulting in a stable corosolic acid nanoemulsion system. By screening the oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant, along with investigating the mass ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant and the preparation temperature, we achieved an optimal corosolic acid nanoemulsion.

GLP-1RA Liraglutide and Semaglutide Improves Obesity-Induced Muscle Atrophy via SIRT1 Pathway.

Background: Obesity is related to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). The co-existence of obesity and sarcopenia is called sarcopenic obesity (SO). Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are widely used in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.

[Genetic screening and prenatal diagnosis for high risk families of Fragile X syndrome].

Objective: To assess the value of genetic testing for Fragile X syndrome (FXS).

Methods: A domestically made diagnostic kit based Tri-primer-PCR method was used to detect mutations of the FMR1 gene among 6 pedigrees with unexplained intellectual disability. The results were verified by methylation PCR and Southern blotting.

Valproic acid exposure decreases the mRNA stability of Bcl-2 via up-regulating miR-34a in the cerebellum of rat.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, limited verbal communication and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have shown that the level of Bcl-2 in the brain tissues of ASD patients is significantly decreased. However, the mechanisms underlie the down-regulation of Bcl-2 in ASD is still unknown.

Valproic acid exposure sequentially activates Wnt and mTOR pathways in rats.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, limited verbal communication and repetitive behaviors. Recent studies have demonstrated that Wnt signaling and mTOR signaling play important roles in the pathogenesis of ASD. However, the relationship of these two signaling pathways in ASD remains unclear.

A meta-analysis of the associations between the Q141K and Q126X ABCG2 gene variants and gout risk.

Background: Gout is an inflammatory disease in which genetic factors play a role. ABCG2 is a urate transporter, and the Q141K and Q126X variants of ABCG2 have been associated with a risk of developing gout, though previous studies of these associations have been inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between these genetic variants and gout.

[Effect of sulindac on improving autistic behaviors in rats].

Objective: To test the effect of sulindac on autistic behaviors in a rat model and explore the possible mechanisms.

Methods: Autistic rat models were established by a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate (VPA) at 12.5 days of pregnancy.

AU4S: a novel synthetic peptide to measure the activity of ATG4 in living cells.

ATG4 plays a key role in autophagy induction, but the methods for monitoring ATG4 activity in living cells are limited. Here we designed a novel fluorescent peptide named AU4S for noninvasive detection of ATG4 activity in living cells, which consists of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), ATG4-recognized sequence "GTFG," and the fluorophore FITC. Additionally, an ATG4-resistant peptide AG4R was used as a control.

Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG sensitizes Bcl-2 inhibitor (-)-gossypol by suppressing ERK-mediated protective autophagy and Mcl-1 accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Natural BH3-memitic (-)-gossypol shows promising antitumor efficacy in several kinds of cancer. However, our previous studies have demonstrated that protective autophagy decreases the drug sensitivities of Bcl-2 inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In the present study, we are the first to report that Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG enhanced (-)-gossypol-induced apoptosis via suppressing (-)-gossypol-triggered protective autophagy and Mcl-1 accumulation.

The Bcl-2/xL inhibitor ABT-263 increases the stability of Mcl-1 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of mortality. ABT-263 is a newly synthesized, orally available Bcl-2/xL inhibitor that shows promising efficacy in HCC therapy. ABT-263 inhibits the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, but not Mcl-1.

Identification of a novel linear epitope in tetanus toxin recognized by a protective monoclonal antibody: implications for vaccine design.

Tetanus, a severe infectious disease, is caused by tetanus toxin (TT) from Clostridium tetani, which remains one of the most critical unsolved health problems despite preventive strategies. The carboxyl terminal of TT (TTC) is responsible for the binding of TT to neurons and for its toxicity and has been proven to be immunogenic and protective in various forms. It would therefore be extremely interesting to identify the epitope on TTC at a molecular level.

Effect of heparin on production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression by human normal skin and hyperplastic scar fibroblasts.

Heparin affects both dermal fibroblast proliferation and collagen and may mediate these effects by altering the levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) production and TGF-beta1 mRNA expression as a wound healing modulator. The purpose of this study is to probe the effect of heparin on TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta1 mRNA production by human normal skin and hyperplastic scar fibroblasts. This research investigates the effect of heparin on TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta1 mRNA production by human normal skin and hyperplastic scar fibroblasts with exposure to 0 microg/mL, 100 microg/mL, 300 microg/mL, or 600 microg/mL heparin for 24, 48, 72, or 96 hours in a serum-free in vitro model.

Effect of heparin on production of basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta1 by human normal skin and hyperplastic scar fibroblasts.

Heparin affects both dermal fibroblast proliferation and collagen and may mediate these effects by altering the levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) production as a wound healing modulator. The purpose of this study is to probe the effect of heparin on bFGF and TGF-beta1 production by human normal skin and hyperplastic scar fibroblasts. This research investigates the effect of heparin on bFGF and TGF-beta1 production by human normal skin and hyperplastic scar fibroblasts with exposure to 0, 100, 300, or 600 microg/ml heparin for 24, 48, 72, or 96 hours in a serum-free in vitro model.