Associations between co‑exposure to heavy metals and vertebral compression fracture, as well as femoral neck bone mineral density: A cross-sectional study from NHANES data.

Objective: Accumulating evidence showed that exposure to heavy metals was harmful to human health. Little is known regarding the mixing effects of multiple metal exposures on vertebral compression fracture (VCF) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to explore the individual and joint effects of four heavy metals [manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg)] on VCF risk and femoral neck BMD.

Do preoperative intra-articular injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid increase the risk of infection after total knee arthroplasty? A meta-analysis.

Aims: There is conflicting evidence on the safety of intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) or corticosteroids (CSs) before total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We performed a meta-analysis of the relationship between intra-articular injections and subsequent infection rates after TKA.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for cohort studies that assessed the effect of preoperative injection of drugs into the joint cavity on the infection rate after TKA.

Microbial yield from infectious tissues pretreated by various methods: an invitro study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different pretreatment methods on the microbial yield from infectious tissues.

Methods: Strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC) and Candida albicans (CA) were used to construct single-surface, full-surface, and internal infection models in sterile pork tissue. Manual milling (MM), mechanical homogenization (MH), sonificated (SF), dithiothreitol (DTT), and direct culture (DC) were used to pretreat these tissues, the microbial yield from different pretreatment methods were recorded and compared.