Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Immunocompromised Patients With COVID-19 and the Impact of Hyperinflammation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19 due to their altered immune responses, yet their inflammatory profiles and the interplay between immunosuppression remain poorly understood. We aimed to illustrate the inflammation profile and clinical outcomes of hospitalized immunocompromised patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using a multicenter database and included adult hospitalized patients with Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China's late 2022 COVID-19 wave.

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Pediatric Fungal Keratitis.

Background: Fungal keratitis is relatively rare in children. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of pediatric fungal keratitis.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for children (aged <18 years) diagnosed with fungal keratitis from 1996 to 2021.

Single-cell RNA-seq reveals the immune response of Co-infection with streptococcus pneumoniae after influenza A virus by a lung-on-chip: The molecular structure and mechanism of tight junction protein ZO-1.

Secondary bacterial infection is the main cause of pneumonia after influenza virus infection. This study aims to explore the impact of co-infection of influenza A virus (IAV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) on lung immune response using a human lung-on-chip model and single-cell RNA sequencing technology, with a focus on the molecular structure and mechanism of action of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in this process. Research and construct a human lung-on-chip model to simulate the microenvironment of the lungs in vivo.

Large-scale genomic analysis reveals significant role of insertion sequences in antimicrobial resistance of .

Unlabelled: , a prominent nosocomial pathogen renowned for its extensive resistance to antimicrobial agents, poses a significant challenge in the accurate prediction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from genomic data. Despite thorough researches on the molecular mechanisms of AMR, gaps remain in our understanding of key contributors. This study utilized rule-based and three machine learning models to predict AMR phenotypes, aiming to decipher key genomic factors associated with AMR.

3D mesenchymal stem cell exosome-functionalized hydrogels for corneal wound healing.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have the potential to sustain immune homeostasis and facilitate tissue regeneration, and those effects can be potentiated under three-dimensional (3D) cell culture conditions. Nevertheless, whether exosomes derived from 3D-cultured MSCs (3D-Exos) exert therapeutic effects on the injured corneas and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, MSCs are cultured in a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to produce 3D-Exos.

Association between oxidative balance score and all-cause, CVD and respiratory-related mortality in the US older adults of asthma patients with diabetes.

Background: This study aims to investigate the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS) and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory-related mortality within a cohort that includes older asthma patients with diabetes.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2001 to 2018, which included 611 participants, were analyzed. Mortality outcomes were determined by linking the data to National Death Index (NDI) records through December 31, 2019.

Association of oxidative balance score with the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in younger US adults with diabetes.

Oxidative balance score (OBS) is a composite measures that assess the balance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant factors in an individual's diet and lifestyle, with higher scores indicating greater antioxidant exposure. Despite its potential significance, there is a limited body of research exploring the relationship between OBS and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality specifically in younger patients with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the possible relationship between OBS and all-cause and CVD mortality in younger patients with diabetes.

IRF1-RIG-I signaling defects in the aged alveolar epithelial cells may contribute to decreased pulmonary antiviral immune responses.

Background: Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are the primary targets of many pathogens and play an important role in sensing viruses and regulating immunity. Yet, little is known about the antiviral responses in the aged AECs.

Methods: The responses of young or aged AECs after viral infection were analyzed using methods such as flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot detection, and transwell chemotaxis assay.

Identification of a 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin derivatives as selective type II c-Met/Axl inhibitors with potent antitumor efficacy.

In this study, we reported the discovery of a novel type II c-Met/Axl inhibitor, characterized by using 4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a hinge region binder. Through a systematic exploration of the structure-activity relationship, based on the clinically reported c-Met inhibitor BMS-777607, we identified the optimized compound 22a. 22a exhibited remarkable potency against c-Met and Axl kinases, with IC values of 1 nM and 10 nM, respectively, and demonstrated over 100-fold selectivity to other members of the TAM subfamily.

Association of the triglyceride glucose index with all cause and CVD mortality in the adults with diabetes aged < 65 years without cardiovascular disease.

Although the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been established as a valuable predictor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular mortality, there is limited research exploring its association with all-cause or CVD mortality specifically in adults with diabetes aged < 65 years without cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and both all-cause and CVD mortality in this population within the United States. Our study recruited 1778 adults with diabetes aged < 65 years without cardiovascular disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018.

A Bioinspired Virus-Like Mechano-Bactericidal Nanomotor for Ocular Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infection Treatment.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and their associated biofilms are major causative factors in eye infections, often resulting in blindness and presenting considerable global health challenges. Presently, mechano-bactericidal systems, which combine distinct topological geometries with mechanical forces to physically induce bacterial apoptosis, show promising potential. However, the physical interaction process between current mechano-bactericidal systems and bacteria is generally based on passive diffusion or Brownian motion and lacks the force required for biofilm penetration; thus, featuring low antibacterial efficacy.

A pan-immune panorama of bacterial pneumonia revealed by a large-scale single-cell transcriptome atlas.

Bacterial pneumonia is a significant public health burden, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Current therapeutic strategies beyond antibiotics and adjuvant therapies are limited, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing of 444,146 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells (BALFs) from a large cohort of 74 individuals, including 58 patients with mild (n = 22) and severe (n = 36) diseases as well as 16 healthy donors.

Corrigendum: FOXO1-mediated autophagy regulation by miR-223 in sepsis-induced immunosuppression.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.

Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Induce Alveolar Macrophages Death via TNF-α in Acute Lung Injury.

Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) and its subsequent progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe respiratory conditions. They are marked by rapid lung function deterioration and extensive pulmonary inflammation, often resulting in critical patient outcomes. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are two distinct subsets of lung macrophages present in the alveoli during ALI.

Evidence-Based Guidelines for Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction Surgery.

Topic: Development of evidence-based guidelines for keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx).

Clinical Relevance: Keratorefractive lenticule extraction refers to various corneal refractive procedures involving removal of refractive lenticules of intrastromal corneal tissue, typically through a small incision, eliminating creation of a corneal flap. This technique has gained popularity rapidly; however, no clinical practice guidelines exist.

Circulating β-hydroxybutyrate levels are associated with major adverse clinical events in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background And Aims: Acute myocardial infarction is associated with high mortality, and effective biomarkers are required for the risk stratification. In cardiovascular diseases, circulating levels of ketone bodies (KB) such as β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) and acetoacetate are altered. However, the relationship between circulating KB levels and major adverse clinical events (MACE) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unknown.

Serum proteomics identifies biomarkers for predicting non-survivors in elderly COVID-19 patients.

In December 2022, China ceased the zero-COVID-19 policy, resulting in an increase in hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19, particularly among the elderly population. Predicting non-survivors aims to identify high-risk patients and enable targeted interventions to improve survival rates. Additionally, understanding factors affecting prognosis provides essential insights for further research and optimization of treatment strategies.

P101 Ameliorates TiO NP-Induced Bone Injury in Young Rats by Remodeling the Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of oral administration of P101 (P101) on skeletal injury in young rats exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs), and explore the potential mechanism.

Methods: Four-week-old male rats were orally administration to TiO NPs and supplemented with P101 2 hours later for 4 weeks. The growth and development, food intake, bone metabolism and serum inflammatory markers of the rats were evaluated.

Smartwatch-based algorithm for early detection of pulmonary infection: Validation and performance evaluation.

Background: The proliferation of smart devices provides the possibility of early detection of the signs of pulmonary infections . This study validates a smartwatch-based algorithm to monitor the risk of PI in adults.

Methods: An algorithm that runs on smartwatches was developed and tested in 87 patients with and 408 healthy subjects.

Long-term Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Keratopathy Mediated by a Novel NGF Delivery System.

Diabetic keratopathy (DK) is a common chronic metabolic disorder that causes ocular surface complications. Among various therapeutic approaches, local delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) remains the most effective treatment of DK. However, achieving a sustained therapeutic effect with NGF and the frequent drug delivery burden remain challenging during clinical practice.

FOXO1-mediated autophagy regulation by miR-223 in sepsis-induced immunosuppression.

Introduction: Immunosuppression is the main cause of the high mortality rate in patients with sepsis. The decrease in the number and dysfunction of CD4 T lymphocytes is crucial to the immunosuppressed state of sepsis, in turn affecting the development and prognosis of sepsis. Autophagy has been shown to play an important role in the immune imbalance exhibited during sepsis.