It is time to reevaluate the lard in glucose homeostasis and diabetes pathogenesis.

Most modern dietary guidelines recommend limiting lard and animal fats due to their potential link to metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, emerging evidence suggests that lard may not significantly contribute to diabetes and that moderate lard intake could even benefit lipid metabolism. This commentary suggests a reevaluation of lard’s classification as a “bad actor” in the context of diabetes, urging colleagues to give greater consideration to and empirically validate this intriguing hypothesis.

IFITM1 is a host restriction factor that inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection and transmission pose a serious threat to the global swine industry. The search for a new host factor with anti-PEDV effect may be an effective potential target for the development of novel antiviral drugs. Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response triggered by viral infection, and it has been suggested that IFITMs can block the early stages of viral replication, but the mechanism of action is currently unclear.

Silver nanoparticles exhibit ecotoxicological effects via oxidative stress, inflammation, and reproductive toxicity in Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea).

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants capable of inducing toxicological impacts on benthic organisms. In this study, the effects of AgNPs on the antioxidant enzyme activities, tissue damage, inflammatory responses, and reproductive toxicity of Corbicula fluminea were investigated. C.

Optimal fasting duration for mice as assessed by metabolic status.

In the study of obesity and diabetes, mice are widely used for experimental research, and fasting is a common procedure used to reset metabolism in mouse models. The fasting duration for experimental mice varies greatly in nutritional and metabolic studies, ranging from 2 to 48 h. This study aims to assess the optimal fasting duration for mice fed low- and high-fat diets over a short period of time.

Soybean oil induces neuroinflammatory response through brain-gut axis under high-fat diet.

Neuroinflammation is considered the principal pathogenic mechanism underlying neurodegenerative diseases, and the incidence of brain disorders is closely linked to dietary fat consumption and intestinal health. To investigate this relationship, 60 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a 20-week dietary intervention, wherein they were fed lard and soybean oil, each at 15% and 35% fat energy. At a dietary fat energy level of 35%, inflammation was observed in both the soybean oil and lard groups.

Supplementation of extract contributes to the improvement of intestinal health in swine.

Introduction: (vine tea), a high polyphenol content antioxidant plant resource, is renowned for its medicinal benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of extract (AGE) on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ability, enhancement of intestinal immunity, improvement of intestinal structure, and regulation of gut microbiota in swine.

Methods: A total of 135 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a low-dose group, and a high-dose group.

Phenethyl isothiocyanate induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis of porcine kidney cells through Mitochondrial ROS-associated ERS pathway.

Glucosinolates (GLS) in cruciferous vegetables are anti-nutritional factors. Excessive or long-term intake of GLS-containing feed is harmful to animal health and may cause kidney damage. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a GLS.

Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Effects of Three MUFA-Rich Oils on Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Mice.

Scope: Olive oil, rapeseed oil, and lard are dietary fats rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, but the effects of dietary oils enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids on hepatic lipid deposition have seldom been compared.

Methods And Results: Ninety 8-week-old C57BL/6J male mice are randomly divided into six groups and fed diets containing lard, rapeseed oil, or olive oil with a 10% or 45% fat energy supply for 16 weeks. Under high-fat conditions, serum total cholesterol levels in the lard and olive oil groups are significantly higher than those in the rapeseed oil group.

Arsenic Exposure-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating SIRT1/PINK1/Mitophagy Axis in Mice and in HK-2 Cells.

Groundwater resources are often contaminated by arsenic, which poses a serious threat to human and animal's health. Some studies have demonstrated that acute arsenic exposure could induce kidney injury because the kidney is a key target organ for toxicity, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Hence, we investigated the effect of SIRT1-/PINK1-mediated mitophagy on NaAsO-induced kidney injury in vivo and in vitro.

High-Carbohydrate Diet Consumption Poses a More Severe Liver Cholesterol Deposition than a High-Fat and High-Calorie Diet in Mice.

In the past few decades, many researchers believed that a high-fat and high-calorie diet is the most critical factor leading to metabolic diseases. However, increasing evidence shows a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet may also be a significant risk factor. It needs a comprehensive evaluation to prove which viewpoint is more persuasive.

Analysis of Diagnostic Value of CTC and CTDNA in Early Lung Cancer.

This paper is the exploration and analysis of the diagnostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) in early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).A total of 125 NSCLC patients that hospitalized from March 2019 to December 2020 were selected, of which 64 subjects with stage I-II were listed as the early-stage group, and 61 patients with stage III-IV were classified as the intermediate-advanced group; In addition, 47 patients with benign pulmonary nodules hospitalized within same period were selected as a group of benign pulmonary nodules, and 50 healthy subjects were enrolled as a control group. The levels of CTC and ctDNA, serum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) and gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (pro-GRP) were detected.

-alkyl Dithiocarbamates Synthesis through Electrochemical Multicomponent Reaction of Thiols, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Isocyanides.

Dithiocarbamates synthesis is extremely important in plenty of biomedical and agrochemical applications, especially fungicide development, but remains a great challenge. In this work, we have successfully developed a multicomponent reaction protocol to convert HS into -alkyl dithiocarbamates under constant current conditions. No additional oxidants nor additional catalysts are required, and due to mild conditions, the reactions display a broad substrate scope, including varieties of thiols or disulfides.

Tannic Acid Ameliorates Systemic Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Impairment Induced by Low-Dose T-2 Toxin Exposure.

Subacute mycotoxin exposure in food is commonly overlooked. As one of the most toxic trichothecene mycotoxins, the T-2 toxin severely pollutes human foods and animal feeds. In our study, we investigated the effects of low-dose T-2 toxin on glucose and lipid metabolic function and further investigated the protective effect of tannic acid (TA) in C57BL/6J mice.

Effect of Two Particle Sizes of Nano Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Digestive Tract Morphology, and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Broilers.

The effects of dietary supplementation with two particle sizes of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, and the gut microbiome were determined in a 42-day broiler chicken feeding experiment. A total of 75 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomized and divided into three groups with five replicates of five chicks each, including the conventional ZnO group (NC), the nano-ZnO group with an average particle size of 82 nm (ZNPL), and the nano-ZnO group with an average particle size of 21 nm (ZNPS). Each group was supplemented with 40 mg/kg of ZnO or nano-ZnO.

Compound dark tea ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis and modulates the gut microbiota in mice.

Dark tea is a fermented tea that plays a role in regulating the homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms. Previous studies have found that dark tea can improve obesity and has a lipid-lowering effect. In this study, green tea, (kuding tea) and (Luo Han Guo) were added to a new compound dark tea (CDT), to improve the taste and health of this beverage.

Effects of anti-stress agents on the growth performance and immune function in broiler chickens with vaccination-induced stress.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anti-stress agents on the growth performance and immune function of broilers under immune stress conditions induced by vaccination. A total of 128, 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups. Group normal control (NC) was the control group.

Ameliorative effect of betulinic acid against zearalenone exposure triggers testicular dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice via p38/ERK MAPK inhibition and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense activation.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, which mainly contaminates grains and has estrogen-like effects on the reproductive system. Betulinic acid (BA), a natural lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate whether BA alleviates ZEA-induced testicular damage and explore the possible mechanism.

Oryzanol alleviates high fat and cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia associated with the modulation of the gut microbiota in hamsters.

A high fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD) can modulate the gut microbiota, which is closely related with hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to explore the anti-hypercholesterolemia effect of oryzanol, and investigate whether the function of oryzanol is associated with the gut microbiota and related metabolites. 16S rRNA and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were applied for the gut microbiota and untargeted metabolomics, respectively.

Purified diet whole food diet and the inconsistent results in studies using animal models.

In animal models, purified diets (PDs) and whole food diets (WFDs) are used for different purposes. In similar studies, different dietary patterns may lead to inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of WFDs and PDs on changes in the metabolism of mice.

A Lard and Soybean Oil Mixture Alleviates Low-Fat-High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice.

Dietary habit is highly related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Low-fat-high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diets could induce lean NAFLD in Asians. Previously, we found that a lard and soybean oil mixture reduced fat accumulation with a medium-fat diet; therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of a lard and soybean oil mixture (LFHC diet) on NAFLD and its underlying mechanisms.

Phenethyl isothiocyanate as an anti-nutritional factor attenuates deoxynivalenol-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury through inhibiting ROS-mediated autophagy.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is considered to be the most harmful mycotoxin that affects the intestinal health of animals and humans. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in feedstuff is an anti-nutritional factor and impairs nutrient digestion and absorption in the animal intestinal. In the current study, we aimed to explore the effects of PEITC on DON-induced apoptosis, intestinal tight junction disorder, and its potential molecular mechanism in the porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2).

Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis of porcine renal epithelial cells.

T-2 toxin is a highly toxic trichothecene that can induce toxic effects in a variety of organs and tissues, but the pathogenesis of its nephrotoxicity has not been elucidated. In this study, we assessed the involvement of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in PK-15 cells cultured at different concentrations of T-2 toxin. Cell viability, antioxidant capacity, intracellular calcium (Ca) content, apoptotic rate, levels of ER stress, and apoptosis-related proteins were studied.

Betulinic acid protects against renal damage by attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2 signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced mice.

Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, T-2 toxin was injected intraperitoneally in mice to establish kidney damage model and to evaluate the protective effects of BA and further reveal the molecular mechanism. BA pretreatment inhibited the T-2 toxin-stimulated increase in serum Crea, but showed no significant effect on serum Urea.

Betulinic acid attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal mucosa injury by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathways and activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway.

Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been associated with several biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that BA has the ability to alleviate intestinal mucosal damage, however, the potential mechanism associated with the effect has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective mechanism of BA against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced intestinal mucosal damage.