ABA-CsABI5-CsCalS11 module upregulates Callose deposition of citrus infected with .

Huanglongbing (HLB) primarily caused by Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) has been threatening citrus production globally. Under HLB conditions, an excessive accumulation of the polysaccharide callose in citrus phloem occurs, leading to phloem blockage and starch accumulation in leaves. The callose production is controlled by callose synthases (CalS), which have multiple members within plants.

CsBZIP40 confers resistance against citrus bacterial canker by repressing CsWRKY43-CsPrx53/CsSOD13 cascade mediated ROS scavenging.

As the bacterial etiologic agent causing citrus bacterial canker (CBC), subsp. () seriously impacts citrus plantation and fruit production globally. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that CsBZIP40 can positively impact CBC resistance in the sweet orange ().

Simulation of Fatigue Fracture Detection of Bridge Steel Structures under Cyclic Loads.

Bridge steel structures are widely used in bridge construction with the advantages of light self-weight, convenient use, and good bridge span. Steel bridges are subjected to cyclic loading for a long time during their service period, and cyclic loading has a certain influence on their fatigue resistance performance. Fatigue is a phenomenon in which the structure is subjected to cyclic loading that generates cracks, expands continuously, and eventually leads to fracture of the member.

Synergistical Performance Modification of Epoxy Resin by Nanofillers and Carboxyl-Terminated Liquid Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber.

Epoxy composite materials are widely used in power equipment. As the voltage level increases, the requirement of material properties, including electrical, thermal, and mechanical, has also increased. Introducing thermally conductive nanofiller to the epoxy/liquid rubber composites system is an effective approach to improve heat performance, but the effects of thermally conductive nanofillers on relaxation characteristics remain unclarified.

Pyramiding the antimicrobial PR1aCB and AATCB genes in 'Tarocco' blood orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) to enhance citrus canker resistance.

Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a major bacterial disease responsible for substantial economic losses in citrus-producing areas. To breed transgenic citrus plants with enhanced resistance to citrus canker, two antimicrobial peptide genes, PR1aCB and AATCB, were incorporated into 'Tarocco' blood orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) plants via co-transformation and sequential re-transformation.

Mechanical and Dielectric Strength of Laminated Epoxy Dielectric Graded Materials.

Laminated epoxy dielectric graded material is a commonly used insulating material with broad application prospects in power equipment. The interlaminar interfaces of laminated epoxy dielectric material between different layers form during its lamination process, and these interfaces are the crucial characteristic structures determining the mechanical and dielectric properties of laminated materials. Therefore, in order to gain a thorough understanding of physic properties behind a certain structural motif, it is necessary to study how these interfacial structures influence the mechanical and dielectric performances of graded materials.

Effect of Toughening with Different Liquid Rubber on Dielectric Relaxation Properties of Epoxy Resin.

Liquid rubber is a common filler introduced to epoxy resin to improve its toughness for electrical insulation and electronic packaging applications. The improvement of toughness by adding liquid rubber to epoxy resin leads to the variation of its dielectric properties and relaxation behaviors and it has not been systematically studied yet. In this paper, four kinds of liquid rubber with different polarity were selected and the corresponding epoxy/liquid rubber composites have been prepared.

Comparative iTRAQ proteomic profiling of sweet orange fruit on sensitive and tolerant rootstocks infected by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is also known as citrus greening, is a destructive disease continuing to devastate citrus production worldwide. Although all citrus varieties can be infected with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CaLas), a certain level of HLB tolerance of scion varieties can be conferred by some rootstocks. To understand the effects of rootstock varieties on orange fruit under CaLas stress, comparative iTRAQ proteomic profilings were conducted, using fruit from 'Valencia' sweet orange grafted on the sensitive ('Swingle') and tolerant rootstocks (a new selection called '46x20-04-48') infected by CaLas as experimental groups, and the same plant materials without CaLas infection as controls.

CitGVD: a comprehensive database of citrus genomic variations.

Citrus is one of the most important commercial fruit crops worldwide. With the vast genomic data currently available for citrus fruit, genetic relationships, and molecular markers can be assessed for the development of molecular breeding and genomic selection strategies. In this study, to permit the ease of access to these data, a web-based database, the citrus genomic variation database (CitGVD, http://citgvd.

Systematic Analysis and Functional Validation of Citrus XTH Genes Reveal the Role of Csxth04 in Citrus Bacterial Canker Resistance and Tolerance.

In this study, we performed a comprehensive survey of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and a functional validation of (Cs) XTH genes to provide new insights into the involvement of XTHs in subsp. (Xcc) infection. From the genome of sweet orange, 34 CsXTH genes with XTH characteristic domains were identified and clustered into groups I/II, IIIA, and IIIB.

Functional analysis of citrus AP2 transcription factors identified CsAP2-09 involved in citrus canker disease response and tolerance.

Genetic engineering approaches offer an alternative method to the citrus canker resistance breeding. The ethylene response factor (ERF) family is a member of families of transcription factors that are particular to plants and contribute significantly to biotic stress response and to plant growth. CsAP2-09 belongs to the citrus AP2/ERF transcription factor family.

Proteomic and metabolomic analyses provide insight into the off-flavour of fruits from citrus trees infected with ' Liberibacter asiaticus'.

Orange fruit from trees infected by ' Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) often do not look fully mature and exhibit off-flavours described as bitter, harsh, and metallic rather than juicy and fruity. Although previous studies have been carried out to understand the effect of Las on the flavour of orange juice using metabolomic methods, the mechanisms leading to the off-flavour that occurs in Huanglongbing (HLB)-symptomatic fruit are not well understood. In this study, fruits were collected from symptomatic and healthy Valencia sweet orange () trees grafted on Swingle ( X ) rootstock.

Engineering canker-resistant plants through CRISPR/Cas9-targeted editing of the susceptibility gene CsLOB1 promoter in citrus.

Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is severely damaging to the global citrus industry. Targeted editing of host disease-susceptibility genes represents an interesting and potentially durable alternative in plant breeding for resistance.

Transgenic citrus expressing synthesized cecropin B genes in the phloem exhibits decreased susceptibility to Huanglongbing.

Expression of synthesized cecropin B genes in the citrus phloem, where Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus resides, significantly decreased host susceptibility to Huanglongbing. Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus bacteria, is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. All of the commercial sweet orange cultivars lack resistance to this disease.

Electrowetting-actuated optical switch based on total internal reflection.

In this paper we demonstrate a liquid optical switch based on total internal reflection. Two indium tin oxide electrodes are fabricated on the bottom substrate. A conductive liquid (Liquid 1) is placed on one side of the chamber and surrounded by a density-matched silicone oil (Liquid 2).

Efficient auto-excision of a selectable marker gene from transgenic citrus by combining the Cre/loxP system and ipt selection.

A highly efficient Cre-mediated deletion system, offering a good alternative for producing marker-free transgenic plants that will relieve public concerns regarding GMOs, was first developed in citrus. The presence of marker genes in genetically modified crops raises public concerns regarding their safety. The removal of marker genes can prevent the risk of their flow into the environment and hasten the public's acceptance of transgenic products.

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of Schistosoma japonicum enolase which is highly expressed at the schistosomulum stage.

Enolase is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway; recent studies have also shown that enolase is found on the surface of several parasites, where it acts as a plasminogen-binding protein. In the present study, the enolase of Schistosoma japonicum has been cloned and expressed. In western blot analysis, the recombinant enolase from S.

[Cloning, expressing and characterizing of a phosphoglycerate mutase gene of Schistosoma japonncum].

Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a key enzyme in glycolytic pathways. With PCR technique based on an EST identified in our lab, a novel gene named SjPGAM (GenBank Accession No. EU374631) was cloned.

[Construction and expression of recombinant baculovirus with Schistosoma japonicum SjPP gene].

Objective: To express the soluble recombinant Schistosoma japonicum SjPP proteins in TN5B1-4 cells.

Methods: The total RNA was extracted from adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum. The whole coding sequence of SjPP gene was synthesized by RT-PCR and cloned into donor plasmid.

[Cloning, expression and characterization of a gene encoding signal transduction protein Wnt4 of Schistosoma japonicum].

Wnt proteins together with their downstream effectors forms a set of important signal pathways. The Wnt signal pathway is important in a wide variety of development processes including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell polarity and apoptosis. Wnt4 is a key regulator of gonadal differentiation in humans and mice, playing a pivotal role in early embryogenesis.