Rural residents' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in relation to infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic: a cross-sectional study of COVID-19.

Background: In the field of public health, the prevention and management of infectious diseases in rural regions have always been crucial. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing rural residents' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices and their correlation with infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic, with a focus on the COVID-19 case.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural regions of China's Guangdong province, using a multi-stage sampling technique to select rural residents for a validated questionnaire survey in February 2023.

Decreased dust particles amplify the cloud cooling effect by regulating cloud ice formation over the Tibetan Plateau.

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can initiate cloud ice formation, influencing cloud radiative effects (CRE) and climate. However, the knowledge of INP sources, concentrations, and their impact on CRE over the Tibetan Plateau (TP)-a highly climate-sensitive region-remains largely hypothetical. Here, we integrated data from multisource satellite observations and snowpack samples collected from five glaciers to demonstrate that dust particles constitute primary INP sources over the TP.

Integrated metabolomics and serum-feces pharmacochemistry-based network pharmacology to reveal the mechanisms of an herbal prescription against ulcerative colitis.

Background: CDD-2103 is an herbal prescription used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to uncover its mechanism by integrating metabolomics and serum-feces pharmacochemistry-based network pharmacology.

Methods: A DSS-induced chronic colitis mice model was used to evaluate the anti-colitis effect of CDD-2103.

Artesunate treats obesity in male mice and non-human primates through GDF15/GFRAL signalling axis.

Obesity, a global health challenge, is a major risk factor for multiple life-threatening diseases, including diabetes, fatty liver, and cancer. There is an ongoing need to identify safe and tolerable therapeutics for obesity management. Herein, we show that treatment with artesunate, an artemisinin derivative approved by the FDA for the treatment of severe malaria, effectively reduces body weight and improves metabolic profiles in preclinical models of obesity, including male mice with overnutrition-induced obesity and male cynomolgus macaques with spontaneous obesity, without inducing nausea and malaise.

Gut microbiota-derived tryptamine and phenethylamine impair insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome.

The incidence of metabolic syndrome is significantly higher in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Gut microbiota is causatively linked with the development of both metabolic dysfunctions and gastrointestinal disorders, thus gut dysbiosis in IBS may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Here, we show that human gut bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus-derived tryptamine and phenethylamine play a pathogenic role in gut dysbiosis-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and IBS.

Altered gut microbiota-host bile acid metabolism in IBS-D patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency pattern.

Background: Dysregulation of gut microbiota-host bile acid (BA) co-metabolism is a critical pathogenic factor of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), instructed by pattern differentiation, is effective in treating IBS-D, in which liver depression and spleen deficiency (LDSD) is the most prevalent pattern. Still, it is unclear the linkage between the LDSD pattern and the BA metabolic phenotype.

Network Pharmacology Study of Bioactive Components and Molecular Mechanisms of the Glycoside Fraction from Against Experimental Colitis.

Purpose: To explore the potential mechanism of glycosidic fraction of (GPS) extract for the treatment of colitis using UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis, network pharmacology and experimental research.

Methods: The active components of GPS extract were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis and extracted their targets from the databases, which was used for network pharmacology analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed to discover potential therapeutic mechanisms, and the network pharmacology results were then validated by in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Aqueous cinnamon extract ameliorates bowel dysfunction and enteric 5-HT synthesis in IBS rats.

Cinnamon protects against irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in humans, but its efficacy and underlying mechanism of action remain poorly understood. Maternally separated (MS) IBS-D rat model and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced post-inflammatory IBS-D rat model are characterized by visceral hyperalgesia and diarrhea. This study used the two models to evaluate the effect of cinnamon extract (CE) on bowel symptoms.

Ruminococcus gnavus plays a pathogenic role in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by increasing serotonin biosynthesis.

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), a globally prevalent functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, is associated with elevated serotonin that increases gut motility. While anecdotal evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to serotonin biosynthesis, mechanistic insights are limited. We determined that the bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus plays a pathogenic role in IBS-D.

Characterization of Aerosol Properties from the Burning Emissions of Typical Residential Fuels on the Tibetan Plateau.

The Tibet Autonomous Region in China is a unique place with high altitude and special Tibetan culture. The residents have different living habits and domestic fuels from those in other parts of China, however, knowledge on the emission characteristics of local residential fuels remain poorly understood until now. In this study, nine popular residential fuels in the Tibet are burned in situ to study the aerosol chemical compositions, mass spectral signatures, and emission characteristics from their burning emissions.

Contrasting the physical and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter between glacier and glacial runoff from a mountain glacier on the Tibetan Plateau.

Accelerated melting of mountain glaciers due to global warming has a significant impact on downstream biogeochemical evolution because a large amount of labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) is released. However, the DOM evolution processes from glacier to downstream are not well understood. To investigate these processes, samples from the glacial surface and terminating runoff of a mountain glacier on the Tibetan Plateau were collected simultaneously throughout the melting season.

Regulation of age-associated insulin resistance by MT1-MMP-mediated cleavage of insulin receptor.

Insulin sensitivity progressively declines with age. Currently, the mechanism underlying age-associated insulin resistance remains unknown. Here, we identify membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MT1-MMP/MMP14) as a central regulator of insulin sensitivity during ageing.

Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Zhen-Wu-Bu-Qi Decoction on dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis in mice assessed by multi-omics approaches.

Background: Zhen-Wu-Bu-Qi Decoction (ZWBQD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula comprising Poria, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Radix Codonopsis and Rhizoma Coptidis, is used for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). In a previous study, we have reported ZWBQD mitigates the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.

Hypothesis: In this study, we aimed to understand the systemic actions and underlying mechanisms of ZWBQD on experimental colitis in mice.

P2Y1R Ligation Suppresses Th17 Cell Differentiation and Alleviates Colonic Inflammation in an AMPK-Dependent Manner.

P2Y1 receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays a critical role in the immune response of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, its regulatory effects on CD4 T cell response have not been fully elucidated. The study aimed to characterize the role of P2Y1R in Th17 cell differentiation and colonic inflammation.

Body weight regulation via MT1-MMP-mediated cleavage of GFRAL.

GDNF-family receptor a-like (GFRAL) has been identified as the cognate receptor of growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15/MIC-1), considered a key signaling axis in energy homeostasis and body weight regulation. Currently, little is known about the physiological regulation of the GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway. Here we show that membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MT1-MMP/MMP14) is an endogenous negative regulator of GFRAL in the context of obesity.

High-spatial-resolution distributions of aerosol chemical characteristics in urban Lanzhou, western China, during wintertime: Insights from an on-road mobile aerosol mass spectrometry measurement experiment.

The high-spatial-resolution distributions of the mass concentration and chemical composition of submicron particulate matter (PM) across four different functional districts in Lanzhou, a typical northwestern city in China, were studied during the winter haze pollution period using an on-road real-time mobile monitoring system. The purpose of this study is to characterize the spatial variation in the sources and chemical formation of aerosols at the intra-urban scale. A higher PM mass concentration (63.

Chemical characterization and sources of submicron aerosols in Lhasa on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Insights from high-resolution mass spectrometry.

In recent years, a great number of studies has been carried out in urban cities regarding urban particulate matter (PM) pollution in China, especially in eastern China. Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region in western China, is the highest (3650 m a.s.

Gut-Microbial Metabolites, Probiotics and Their Roles in Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide prevalent metabolic disorder defined by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion. Understanding the mechanism of insulin action is of great importance to the continuing development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of T2D. Disturbances of gut microbiota have been widely found in T2D patients and contribute to the development of IR.

Altered metabolome and microbiome features provide clues in understanding irritable bowel syndrome and depression comorbidity.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the functional gastrointestinal disorders characterized by chronic and/or recurrent symptoms of abdominal pain and irregular defecation. Changed gut microbiota has been proposed to mediate IBS; however, contradictory results exist, and IBS-specific microbiota, metabolites, and their interactions remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we performed metabolomic and metagenomic profiling of stool and serum samples based on discovery (n = 330) and validation (n = 101) cohorts.

Phytochemicals as regulators of Th17/Treg balance in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder that is difficult to cure and characterized by periods of relapse. To face the challenges of limited treatment strategies and drawbacks of conventional medications, developing new and promising strategies as well as safe and effective drugs for treatment of IBD has become an urgent demand for clinics. The imbalance of Th17/Treg is a crucial event for the development of IBD, and studies have verified that correcting the imbalance of Th17/Treg is an effective strategy for preventing and treating IBD.

Berberine Suppresses Colonic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Murine Colitis Through Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Activity.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) causes chronic inflammation and damage to the colonic mucosal layer. Recent studies have reported significant changes in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in UC patients and oral administration of PC has considerable therapeutic effects against UC, suggesting the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine may be involved in the UC development. Our previous work has demonstrated that berberine effectively suppresses inflammation and protects colonic mucosa injury in DSS-induced colitic mice.

Author Correction: Cyclocarya paliurus tea leaves enhances pancreatic β cell preservation through inhibition of apoptosis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Anti-inflammatory properties of uvaol on DSS-induced colitis and LPS-stimulated macrophages.

Background: leaves are used as a kind of phytomedicine and the main ingredient in some traditional Chinese medicine products for the relief of colitis. To understand the bioactive constituents of L., we did a phytochemistry study and investigated anti-Inflammatory effects of compounds and explored the underlying mechanisms.

A Clostridia-rich microbiota enhances bile acid excretion in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

An excess of fecal bile acids (BAs) is thought to be one of the mechanisms for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). However, the factors causing excessive BA excretion remain incompletely studied. Given the importance of gut microbiota in BA metabolism, we hypothesized that gut dysbiosis might contribute to excessive BA excretion in IBS-D.

Simultaneous UPLC-TQ-MS/MS determination of six active components in rat plasma: application in the pharmacokinetic study of leaves.

Background: (Batal.) Ijinskaja (CP) is a monotypic genus plant, also called sweet tea tree that belongs to the Juglandaceae family, which is mainly distributed in the subtropical highlands in China. Our previous work has verified that CP leaves exhibit a potent hyperglycemic effect by inhibiting pancreatic β cell apoptosis through the regulation of MPAK and Akt signaling pathways.