[Verification of the peanut vitamin C synthesis-related gene and its role in stress resistance].

Vitamin C plays an important role in plant antioxidation, photosynthesis, growth and development, and metabolism. In this study, a gene , which is involved in vitamin C synthesis and responds significantly to low temperature, NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, was cloned from peanut. An overexpression vector was constructed, and transferred to a peanut variety Junanxiaohong using the pollen tube injection method.

Breeding of a new variety of peanut with high-oleic-acid content and high-yield by marker-assisted backcrossing.

Unlabelled: Peanut ( L.) is an important crop used for oil production, and oleic acid is a major factor in determining oil quality. Alterations in the oleic acid content can improve the nutritional quality and oxidative stability and prolong the shelf life of peanut products.

[Effect of ACC oxidase gene on salt tolerance of peanut].

ACC oxidase (ACO) is one of the key enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of ethylene. Ethylene is involved in salt stress response in plants, and salt stress seriously affects the yield of peanut. In this study, genes were cloned and their functions were investigated with the aim to explore the biological function of in salt stress response, and to provide genetic resources for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties of peanut.

[Analysis of the salt-stress responsive element of the promoter of peanut small GTP binding protein gene ].

To study the molecular mechanism of salt stress response of peanut small GTP binding protein gene , a 1 914 bp promoter fragment upstream of the start codon of gene (-P) from peanut was cloned. Subsequently, five truncated fragments (-P1--P5) with lengths of 1 729, 1 379, 666, 510 and 179 bp were obtained through deletion at the 5' end, respectively. Plant expression vectors where these six promoter fragments were fused with the gene were constructed and transformed into tobacco by -mediated method, respectively.

Identification and characterization of transposable element AhMITE1 in the genomes of cultivated and two wild peanuts.

Background: The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., AABB) is an allotetraploid hybrid between two diploid peanuts, A. duranensis (AA genome) and A.

Identification of AhFatB genes through genome-wide analysis and knockout of AhFatB reduces the content of saturated fatty acids in peanut (Arichis hypogaea L.).

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an allotetraploid oilseed crop worldwide due to its abundant high-quality oil production. Peanut oil stability and quality are determined by the relative proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs).

A novel salt inducible WRKY transcription factor gene, AhWRKY75, confers salt tolerance in transgenic peanut.

Peanut is an important oilseed crop whose production is threatened by various abiotic and biotic stresses. Study of the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance could provide important information for the salt tolerance of this crop. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest TF families in plants and are involved in growth and development, defense regulation and the stress response.

[Breeding on a new peanut variety Yuhua91 with high oleic acid content].

Yuhua91 is a new peanut variety with high oleic acid content bred by Qingdao Agricultural University. The crossing was conducted with Luhua11 as female parent and with Kainong1715, an F435-type variety with high oleic acid content as male parent. The real F1 hybrids were screened by sequencing on PCR amplification products, and those homozygotes with bb genotype in F2 populations were screened by the same sequencing method as above.

[Breeding peanut variety Yuhua 7 by fast neutron irradiation and tissue culture].

Creating new germplasms and breeding new cultivars in peanut by radiation mutagenesis and tissue culture were conducted in this study, aiming to develop new breeding method of peanut. Mature seeds from Luhua 11, the most commonly grown peanut cultivar in Northern China, were treated by fast neutron irradiation. Then the embryo leaflets were separated from the irradiated seeds and inoculated on the media, and the regenerated seedlings were obtained through somatic embryogenesis pathway.

[Breeding of peanut variety Yuhua 4 by in vitro mutagenesis].

The embryonic leaflets of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) variety Huayu 20 were used as explants and pingyangmycin as a mutagen to induce somatic embryos. Four weeks after the inoculation, the survived explants were transferred to somatic embryo germination medium containing screening reagent hydroxyproline, and finally 15 regenerated plants were obtained. Pedigree breeding method was used during the following selection breeding, and three lines with significantly increased yield and 23 lines with high oil content were obtained from these mutant offsprings.

The Salinity Responsive Mechanism of a Hydroxyproline-Tolerant Mutant of Peanut Based on Digital Gene Expression Profiling Analysis.

Soil salinity seriously limits plant growth and yield. Strategies have been developed for plants to cope with various environmental stresses during evolution. To screen for the broad-spectrum genes and the molecular mechanism about a hydroxyproline-tolerant mutant of peanut with enhanced salinity resistance under salinity stress, digital gene expression (DGE) sequencing was performed in the leaves of salinity-resistant mutant (S2) and Huayu20 as control (S4) under salt stress.

Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci of Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Leaf Spots in a Recombinant Inbred Line Population of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) from SunOleic 97R and NC94022.

Peanut is vulnerable to a range of diseases, such as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and leaf spots which will cause significant yield loss. The most sustainable, economical and eco-friendly solution for managing peanut diseases is development of improved cultivars with high level of resistance. We developed a recombinant inbred line population from the cross between SunOleic 97R and NC94022, named as the S-population.

Genetic mapping of QTLs controlling fatty acids provided insights into the genetic control of fatty acid synthesis pathway in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Peanut, a high-oil crop with about 50% oil content, is either crushed for oil or used as edible products. Fatty acid composition determines the oil quality which has high relevance to consumer health, flavor, and shelf life of commercial products. In addition to the major fatty acids, oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) accounting for about 80% of peanut oil, the six other fatty acids namely palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), arachidic acid (C20:0), gadoleic acid (C20:1), behenic acid (C22:0), and lignoceric acid (C24:0) are accounted for the rest 20%.

Generation of peanut drought tolerant plants by pingyangmycin-mediated in vitro mutagenesis and hydroxyproline-resistance screening.

In order to enlarge the potential resources of drought-tolerant peanuts, we conducted in vitro mutagenesis with Pingyangmycin (PYM) as the mutagen as well as directed screening on a medium supplemented with Hydroxyproline (HYP). After being extracted from mature seeds (cv. Huayu 20), the embryonic leaflets were cultured on somatic embryogenesis-induction medium with 4 mg/L PYM and the generated embryos were successively transferred to a germination medium with 4 and then 8 mmol/L HYP to screen HYP-tolerant plantlets.

Generation of peanut mutants by fast neutron irradiation combined with in vitro culture.

Induced mutations have played an important role in the development of new plant varieties. In this study, we investigated the effects of fast neutron irradiation on somatic embryogenesis combined with plant regeneration in embryonic leaflet culture to develop new peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm for breeding.

Identification of QTLs associated with oil content and mapping FAD2 genes and their relative contribution to oil quality in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Background: Peanut is one of the major source for human consumption worldwide and its seed contain approximately 50% oil. Improvement of oil content and quality traits (high oleic and low linoleic acid) in peanut could be accelerated by exploiting linked markers through molecular breeding. The objective of this study was to identify QTLs associated with oil content, and estimate relative contribution of FAD2 genes (ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B) to oil quality traits in two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations.