[Effect of extra corporeal reducing pre-load on pulmonary mechanical power in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome].

Objective: To explore the effects of veno-venous extra corporeal carbon dioxide removal (V-V ECCOR) on local mechanical power and gas distribution in the lungs of patients with mild to moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) receiving non-invasive ventilation.

Methods: Retrospective research methods were conducted. Sixty patients with mild to moderate ARDS complicated with renal insufficiency who were transferred to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) through the 96195 platform critical care transport green channel from January 2018 to January 2020 at the collaborative hospitals of Henan Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled.

An enhanced bioactive chitosan-modified microemulsion for mucosal healing of ulcerative colitis.

The intestinal mucus layer plays a crucial role in the systemic absorption of drugs. While penetration through this layer traditionally constitutes a pivotal phase in drug absorption, the approach for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) shifts towards facilitating the direct delivery of drugs to the colon. In this study, we engineered a chitosan-modified microemulsion encapsulated nobiletin (NOB-CS-ME) characterized by small particle dimensions and positive charge specifically, designed to enable targeted delivery.

Polymethoxylated flavones for modulating signaling pathways in inflammation.

Aberrant signaling pathways play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions. Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), a class of natural compounds found in citrus fruits, have obtained increasing attention for their potential therapeutic effects in modulating inflammatory responses. Although significant progress has been made in the pharmacological research of PMFs, the mechanisms by which they modulate signaling pathways to treat inflammation have not been systematically reviewed or analyzed.

Uncovering key mechanisms and intervention therapies in aging skin.

Advancements in understanding skin aging mechanisms, which encompass both external and internal aging processes, have spurred the development of innovative treatments primarily aimed at improving cosmetic appearance. These findings offer the potential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving long-term, non-therapy-dependent clinical benefits, including the reversal of aging and the mitigation of associated health conditions. Realizing this goal requires further research to establish the safety and efficacy of targeting aging-related skin changes, such as pigmentation, wrinkling, and collagen loss.

A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study to evaluate the relationship between psoriasis and interstitial lung diseases.

Background: Prior observational studies have suggested a potential direct link between psoriasis (PSO) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Consequently, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to further evaluate the bidirectional causal relationships between PSO and its different phenotypes [psoriatic arthritis (PSA)/psoriasis vulgaris (PSV)] and ILD.

Methods: Data regarding PSO/PSA/PSV and ILD were sourced from publicly accessible genome-wide association studies (GWAS) databases, focusing on European populations.

The Multifaceted Nature of Macrophages in Cardiovascular Disease.

As the leading cause of mortality worldwide, cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a variety of heart diseases and vascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, aneurysm, ischemic injury in the heart and brain, arrythmias, and heart failure. Macrophages, a diverse population of immune cells that can promote or suppress inflammation, have been increasingly recognized as a key regulator in various processes in both healthy and disease states. In healthy conditions, these cells promote the proper clearance of cellular debris, dead and dying cells, and provide a strong innate immune barrier to foreign pathogens.

Size-dependent enhancement of gene expression by Plasmodium 5'UTR introns.

Background: Eukaryotic genes contain introns that are removed by the spliceosomal machinery during mRNA maturation. Introns impose a huge energetic burden on a cell; therefore, they must play an essential role in maintaining genome stability and/or regulating gene expression. Many genes (> 50%) in Plasmodium parasites contain predicted introns, including introns in 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR).

A Spatially Stable Crystal-Particle Gel to Trap Patchouli Oil for Efficient Colonic Drug Delivery.

Patchouli oil has exhibited remarkable efficacy in the treatment of colitis. However, its volatility and potential irritancy are often drawbacks when extensively used in clinical applications. Oil gel is a semisolid and thermoreversible system that has received extensive interest for its solubility enhancement, inhibition of bioactive component recrystallization, and the facilitation of controlled bioactive release.

TRP Channels in Excitotoxicity.

Glutamate excitotoxicity is a central mechanism contributing to cellular dysfunction and death in various neurological disorders and diseases, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, schizophrenia, addiction, mood disorders, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, pathologic pain, and even normal aging-related changes. This detrimental effect emerges from glutamate binding to glutamate receptors, including α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, -methyl-d-aspartate receptors, kainate receptors, and GluD receptors. Thus, excitotoxicity could be prevented by targeting glutamate receptors and their downstream signaling pathways.

Effects of methylprednisolone combined with advanced antibiotics and antiviral drugs on serum immunoglobulin and inflammatory factor levels in patients with viral pneumonia.

Viral pneumonia (VP) is known for its wide transmission and severe pathological damage. ninety cases of VP patients were rolled into an experimental group (group E, methylprednisolone + advanced antibiotics + antiviral drugs) and a control group (group C, methylprednisolone), with 45 cases in each group. General information about the patients, inflammatory factors, serum immunoglobulins, T lymphocyte subsets, and treatment outcomes (efficiency rate, conversion rate to negative) were compared.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Ion channels.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and over 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.

TRP Channels in Stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease that affects millions of patients worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no effective medications for mitigating brain injury after ischemic stroke. TRP channels are evolutionally ancient biosensors that detect external stimuli as well as tissue or cellular injury.

Regulation of Presynaptic Calcium Channels.

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), especially Ca2.1 and Ca2.2, are the major mediators of Ca influx at the presynaptic membrane in response to neuron excitation, thereby exerting a predominant control on synaptic transmission.

Activation of endothelial TRPM2 exacerbates blood-brain barrier degradation in ischemic stroke.

Aims: Damage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a hallmark of brain injury during the early stages of ischemic stroke. The subsequent endothelial hyperpermeability drives the initial pathological changes and aggravates neuronal death. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel activated by oxidative stress.

Review on Processing Methods of Toxic Chinese Materia Medica and the Related Mechanisms of Action.

Toxic Chinese materia medica (CMM) has both pharmacological activities and toxic effects. Based on thousands of years of experience in the application of CMMs, people have explored many practical processing methods of CMMs, also known as "", to reduce/control toxicity and preserve/enhance efficacy. Toxic CMMs have been used throughout China's hospitals.

Structural insights into regulation of CNNM-TRPM7 divalent cation uptake by the small GTPase ARL15.

Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)-pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of magnesium transporters. They promote efflux of Mg ions on their own and influx of divalent cations when expressed with the transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7). Recently, ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 15 (ARL15) has been identified as CNNM-binding partner and an inhibitor of divalent cation influx by TRPM7.

Structural insights into regulation of TRPM7 divalent cation uptake by the small GTPase ARL15.

Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)-pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of magnesium transporters. They promote efflux of Mg ions on their own or uptake of divalent cations when coupled to the transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7). Recently, ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 15 (ARL15) has been identified as CNNM binding partner and an inhibitor of divalent cation influx by TRPM7.

[Application of quality function deployment technology in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment of patients with critical cardiopulmonary disease].

Objective: To accurately and effectively identify the most critical needs of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment for patients with severe cardiopulmonary diseases, and to better carry out continuous improvement of medical service quality an patients' satisfaction.

Methods: Patients who underwent ECMO and transferred from 56 medical institutions in the Henan Provincial People's Hospital Critical Care Medicine Specialist Alliance [the patients who were transported before applying quality function deployment (QFD) from June 2017 to May 2018 were enrolled as the control group, and patients who were transported after applying QFD from June 2018 to May 2019 were the observation group], medical staff in the alliance hospitals, ECMO transfer teams and transfer driver teams were enrolled as the subjects of the survey. QFD was applied to convert the collected requirements into quality improvement elements for targeted improvement measures.

Cardiac ultrastructure inspired matrix induces advanced metabolic and functional maturation of differentiated human cardiomyocytes.

The vast potential of human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in preclinical models of cardiac pathologies, precision medicine, and drug screening remains to be fully realized because hiPSC-CMs are immature without adult-like characteristics. Here, we present a method to accelerate hiPSC-CM maturation on a substrate, cardiac mimetic matrix (CMM), mimicking adult human heart matrix ligand chemistry, rigidity, and submicron ultrastructure, which synergistically mature hiPSC-CMs rapidly within 30 days. hiPSC-CMs matured on CMM exhibit systemic transcriptomic maturation toward an adult heart state, are aligned with high strain energy, metabolically rely on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, and display enhanced redox handling capability, efficient calcium handling, and electrophysiological features of ventricular myocytes.

PLCβ2 Promotes VEGF-Induced Vascular Permeability.

Background: Regulation of vascular permeability is critical to maintaining tissue metabolic homeostasis. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is a key stimulus of vascular permeability in acute and chronic diseases including ischemia reperfusion injury, sepsis, and cancer. Identification of novel regulators of vascular permeability would allow for the development of effective targeted therapeutics for patients with unmet medical need.

TRPM2 deficiency in mice protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting TRPM2-CD36 inflammatory axis in macrophages.

Atherosclerosis is the major cause of ischemic heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The central pathological features of atherosclerosis include macrophage infiltration and foam cell formation. However, the detailed mechanisms regulating these two processes remain unclear.