Prenylated Acetophenone Derivatives from the Leaves of Acronychia pedunculata and Their Anti-Proliferative Activities.

Four new prenylated acetophenone derivatives, including one acetophenone dimer [acronyrone D (1)] and three acetophenone monomers [acronyrones E-G (2-4)], along with seven known analogues (5-11) were obtained from the leaves of Acronychia pedunculata. Their structures and absolute configurations were established by analysis of HRMS and NMR data, single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and quantum chemical calculations. In addition, the isolates were tested for their anti-proliferative acivity against HCT-116, RKO and SW480 cancer cell lines.

Infection and intracellular transport of white spot syndrome virus require the ESCRT machinery in shrimp.

Unlabelled: The cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system comprises five distinct components and is involved in many different physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that different viruses rely upon the host ESCRT system for viral infection. However, whether this system is involved in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection remains unclear.

Identification of COP9 signalosome (CSN) subunits and antiviral function analysis of CSN5 in shrimp.

The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) typically composing of eight subunits (CSN1-8) mediates the process of deneddylation and deubiquitination. The fifth subunit of COP9 signalosome, CSN5, has special characteristics compared with the other seven subunits, and plays vital roles in the deneddylation activity and diverse cellular processes. However, the role of CSN5 in antiviral immunity is not clear.

Six new coumarins from the roots of Toddalia asiatica and their anti-inflammatory activities.

We reported the discovery of six novel coumarins, toddasirins A-F (1-6), each endowed with modified isoprenyl or geranyl side chains, derived from the roots of Toddalia asiatica. Comprehensive structural elucidation was achieved through multispectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and advanced quantum mechanical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was assessed.

WSSV exploits AMPK to activate mTORC2 signaling for proliferation by enhancing aerobic glycolysis.

AMPK plays significant roles in the modulation of metabolic reprogramming and viral infection. However, the detailed mechanism by which AMPK affects viral infection is unclear. The present study aims to determine how AMPK influences white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus).

Ji-Chuan decoction ameliorates slow transit constipation regulation of intestinal glial cell apoptosis.

Background: Slow transit constipation (STC) is a common intestinal disease with increasing incidence. STC results from various factors, such as the enteric nervous system and metabolic changes. As a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine, Ji-Chuan decoction (JCD) has been extensively and effectively used in STC treatment, yet its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear.

Acronyrones A-C, unusual prenylated acetophenones from Acronychia pedunculata.

Two novel prenylated acetophenones with new carbon skeletons, acronyrones A and B (1 and 2), and a new analogue, acronyrone C (3), together with two known compounds (4 and 5) were isolated from the leaves of Acronychia pedunculata. Their structures with absolute configurations were identified by interpretation of spectroscopic data, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first example of prenylated acetophenones possessed a C (1) and a C (2) side chain, forming a 4-isobutylchroman-2-one unit and a 3-(2-methylpropylidene)benzofuran-2(3H)-one moiety with the acetophenone core, respectively.

MiR-574-3p inhibits glucose toxicity-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction by suppressing PRMT1.

Background: Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) plays an important role in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Metabolomic Investigation of Ultraviolet Ray-Inactivated White Spot Syndrome Virus-Induced Trained Immunity in .

Trained immunity is driven by metabolism and epigenetics in innate immune cells in mammals. The phenomenon of trained immunity has been identified in invertebrates, including shrimp, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate mechanisms of trained immunity in shrimp, the metabolomic changes in hemolymph of trained by the UV-inactivated white spot syndrome virus (UV-WSSV) were analyzed using tandem gas chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry.

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor D from kuruma shrimp exhibits antiviral activity.

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) exhibit a potent antimicrobial activity against a broad range of bacteria, filamentous fungi, and viruses. In previous reports, seven groups of ALFs (groups A-G) were identified in penaeid shrimp. Among them, group D showed negative net charges and weak antimicrobial activity.

Comprehensive genetic profiling of six pulmonary nuclear protein in testis carcinomas with a novel micropapillary histological subtype in two cases.

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm associated with a rearrangement of the NUT gene on chromosome 15q14. To date, genomic alterations of NCs, especially those in the lung, are poorly understood. In this study, immunohistochemistry staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and two next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels of 56 and 701 genes were used to explore the clinical, pathological, and genetic profiling of pulmonary NCs.

Separation of mononuclear cells and identification of B lymphocytes: A comprehensive experiment for medical students.

In teaching of experiments for medical students, by using the isolation of mononuclear cells and identification of B lymphocytes, an experiment was developed that integrated biochemistry, cytology, and immunology techniques, from which the students performed a series of operations including spleen separation, isolating mononuclear cells, and identifying B lymphocytes. From the immunocytochemistry detection, we included advanced equipment-a flow cytometer-in the experiment, which detected the B lymphocytes more accurately. Moreover, we applied modern information technology to the teaching of experiments by using an internet study platform, micro-lectures, and adopting "formative teaching and evaluation.

Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase inhibits bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 replication through enzyme activity-dependent and -independent ways.

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is one of the most important pathogens associated with bovine respiratory diseases in both young and adult cattle widespreadly around the world. The host factors which participate in the infection of BPIV3 are poorly understood. Here, we found the bovine protein Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25 H) plays an important role in the infection of BPIV3.

A Designed Experiment: Polymorphism Analysis of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene from Human Buccal Epithelial Cells.

For medical students, we combine the laboratory practice with clinical applications by developing biochemical and molecular biology experiments. In this experiment, students first collect their own buccal epithelial cells by a noninvasive mouthwash method. Then, they extract genomic DNA and perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene using genomic DNA as a template.

Effect of miR-155 knockdown on the reversal of doxorubicin resistance in human lung cancer A549/dox cells.

Doxorubicin has been widely used in the treatment of cancer. However, acquired doxorubicin resistance severely hinders the application of the drug. In the present study, doxorubicin resistance was investigated in lung carcinoma.

PRMT1 promotes glucose toxicity-induced β cell dysfunction by regulating the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of PDX-1 in a FOXO1-dependent manner in INS-1 cells.

Protein N-arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1), the major asymmetric arginine methyltransferase, plays important roles in various cellular processes. Previous reports have demonstrated that levels and activities of PRMT1 can vary in animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the expression and mechanism of action of PRMT1 during glucose toxicity-induced β cell dysfunction.

Alkylglyceronephosphate synthase (AGPS) alters lipid signaling pathways and supports chemotherapy resistance of glioma and hepatic carcinoma cell lines.

Chemotherapy continues to be a mainstay of cancer treatment, although drug resistance is a major obstacle. Lipid metabolism plays a critical role in cancer pathology, with elevated ether lipid levels. Recently, alkylglyceronephosphate synthase (AGPS), an enzyme that catalyzes the critical step in ether lipid synthesis, was shown to be up-regulated in multiple types of cancer cells and primary tumors.

The effect and mechanism of CXCR4 silencing on metastasis suppression of human glioma U87 cell line.

Tumor metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure and poor prognosis of glioma. Inhibiting metastasis has become an important therapeutic strategy for glioma treatment. CXCR4 has been proved to play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors.