Cardiac metabolic index as a predictor of new-onset diabetes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a longitudinal cohort analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to assess the clinical risk linked to the onset of diabetes in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the utilization of the cardiac metabolic index (CMI), which is derived from triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, height, and waist circumference. Research focusing on the application of CMI for evaluating diabetes risk among NAFLD patients remains scarce, and an exploration of the association between CMI and the emergence of diabetes within this demographic has not been conducted. This investigation aims to illuminate this connection, thereby providing novel insights into the prevention of diabetes progression in individuals with NAFLD.

Visual search attentional bias modification reduced the attentional bias in socially anxious individuals.

Recent years have raised questions about the effectiveness of attentional bias modification (ABM) in individuals with social anxiety. In the current study, we employed a novel training method-ABM-positive-search training-to modify attentional bias in socially anxious individuals. The attentional bias was measured using the dot-probe task, and brain electrical activity was recorded.

Neural mechanisms for secondary suppression of emotional distractors: Evidence from concurrent electroencephalography-magnetoencephalography data.

Distractor suppression allows us to remain on-task in the presence of distractions by filtering task-irrelevant information from ongoing cognitive processing and responding. Electrophysiological studies have revealed that this key feature of selective attention is a dynamic process that involves at least two distinct stages of processing. Two important aspects of these processing stages remain unclear: Whether the processing of emotional distractors at an earlier stage is automatic, as reflected in the N2/early posterior negativity (EPN) component; and what functional-anatomical brain systems are recruited in each stage.

Connection of social anxiety to impaired pattern of cognitive control and underlying motivational deficiencies: Evidence from event-related potentials.

Numerous studies have established a correlation between social anxiety and poor cognitive control. However, little is known about the cognitive control pattern of individuals with high social anxiety (HSAs) and the underlying mechanisms. Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework and the Expected Value of Control theory, this study explored whether HSAs have an impaired cognitive control pattern (Experiment 1) and whether motivational deficiencies underlie the impaired control pattern (Experiment 2).

Reward association impairs recognition of incidentally encoded negative information: Electrophysiological evidence.

Previous studies investigating the effect of reward on emotional episodic memory have produced inconsistent results. In this study, through two experiments using event-related potentials (ERPs), we investigated the effect of reward association on the encoding and retrieval of incidentally encoded emotional information, and examined whether this effect changes over time. Participants in the two experiments were asked to discriminate the emotional valence of color images under reward or no-reward condition and incidentally encode them.

How do fundamental emotion beliefs affect the rapid emotional processing? An ERP study.

Beliefs about whether emotions are good or bad, controllable or uncontrollable are two fundamental emotion beliefs. Studies have confirmed the link between the two beliefs and emotional responses, but how emotion beliefs affect the process from emotional stimulus perception to emotion generation and automatic regulation is unclear. Answering this question helps to understand the role of emotion beliefs in emotional dysfunction and dysregulation and can provide a basis for effective emotion regulation.

Sex difference in association between tardive dyskinesia and cognitive deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD), a side effect due to long-term use of antipsychotic medication, is associated with cognitive impairment. Several studies have found sex differences in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients, while whether there are sex differences in cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients with TD has not been reported.

Methods: A total of 496 schizophrenia inpatients and 362 healthy controls were recruited for this study.

Can mental imagery boost the effect of the positive cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I) on interpretation bias and memory bias?

Background And Objectives: Cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I) has been widely used and yielded mixed results. This experiment explored the unique role of mental imagery in positive CBM-I.

Methods: 60 participants (M = 23.

Trait anxiety is related to an impaired attention model for controllable threat cues: Evidence from ERPs.

Attentional bias to threat cues is maladaptive for individuals with high trait anxiety (HTA), but may become adaptive when the dangers signaled by these cues can be controlled by timely actions. However, it remains unclear how HTA individuals allocate attention to controllable threat cues. The current study examined whether trait anxiety is associated with an impaired attention model for controllable threat cues and explored the related underlying neural mechanisms.

Expectation modulates the preferential processing of task-irrelevant fear in the attentional blink: evidence from event-related potentials.

Background: Reporting the second of the two targets is impaired when it occurs 200-500 ms after the first, the phenomenon in the study of consciousness is the attentional blink (AB). In the AB task, both the emotional salience and the expectation of the second target increase the likelihood of that target being consciously reported. Yet, little is known about how expectations modulate the prioritized processing of affective stimuli.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in Chinese methamphetamine patients: Prevalence, demographics, and clinical characteristics.

Background And Objectives: Methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most common addictive substances and has become the second most commonly used drug worldwide. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been shown to influence the effectiveness of addiction treatment, and there may be overlapping neurobiological mechanisms between OCD and addiction. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of OCD among MA patients.

Interaction between color and attentional level in children's conflict control.

Perception of color can affect cognition and behavior in humans. Although there has been increasing interest in the effect of red on cognitive performance in adults, little is known about how red affects children's cognition. The current study investigates the role of attention in the effect of red on conflict control among children aged 9-13 years, by the manipulation of selective attention (color-attended vs.

Tardive dyskinesia in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: Prevalence, clinical correlates and relationship with cognitive impairment.

Objective: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) has a high prevalence and is one of the distressing side effects of antipsychotic medications. Few studies have explored the relationship between TD, clinical correlates, and cognition. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, clinical correlates and cognitive impairment of co-occurring TD in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

The effect of fearful faces on the attentional blink is modulated by emotional task relevance: An event-related potential study.

A fearful face as second visual target (T2) was detected better than a neutral T2 in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) task. The advantage of fear over neutral emotion was originally attributed to a limited-capacity mechanism, in which fearful stimuli are prioritized for attention over neutral stimuli. However, more recent studies have shown that the prioritization of the processing of fear is strongly dependent on the emotional task relevance.

Social anxiety is related to impaired ability to filter out irrelevant information but not reduced storage capacity.

Individuals with social anxiety have deficits in inhibiting task-irrelevant threatening information, but the mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we instructed participants with high and low social anxiety to perform a variant change-detection task, recording their accuracy and electrophysiological data. The results indicated that individuals with high social anxiety showed impaired ability to filter out irrelevant information in disgust facial expression condition rather than neutral facial expression.

Disgust face captures more attention in individuals with high social anxiety when cognitive resources are abundant: Evidence from N2pc.

There is a debate about the relative contributions of top-down and bottom-up attention to the threat-related attentional bias. In this study we investigated the attentional bias in individuals with social anxiety under conditions of no, low and high visual working memory (WM) load. Event-related potential (ERP) and response time (RT) data were recorded while participants performed the dot-probe task and a concurrent change-detection task.

The interaction between reward and the task-irrelevant emotional context in memory.

Reward improves task performance while the emotional contexts irrelevant to the task impair task performance. An interaction between reward and the task-irrelevant emotional context has been discovered by some studies using perceptual tasks. However, it is unclear that how memory performance would be affected by both variables.

ERP evidence for emotional sensitivity in social anxiety.

Background: Emotional sensitivity involves the ability to recognize and interpret facial expressions. This is very important for interpersonal communication. Previous studies found differences in emotional sensitivity between high social anxiety (HSA) individuals and low social anxiety (LSA) individuals.

Social anxiety and attention to dynamic disgust facial expression: No more attention captured from evidence of N2pc.

In this study we investigated the role of stimulus-driven attention in the attentional bias in individuals with social anxiety using electrophysiological technique. For this purpose, we employed static and dynamic facial expressions as stimuli in a dot-probe task. The results revealed that in behavior high socially anxious (HSA) group had longer response time in incongruent trials than congruent trials, and showed higher trial level-bias score variability than low socially anxious (LSA) group.

Time course of attentional bias in social anxiety: The effects of spatial frequencies and individual threats.

Hypervigilance and attentional bias to threat faces with low-spatial-frequency (LSF) information have been found in individuals with social anxiety. The vigilance-avoidance hypothesis posits that socially anxious individuals exhibit initial vigilance and later avoidance to threatening cues. However, the temporal dynamics of these two processes in response to various LSF threats in social anxiety remain unclear.