Exosomal circPRRX1 functions as a ceRNA for miR-596 to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and reduce radiation sensitivity of gastric cancer cells via the upregulation of NF-κB activating protein.

Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles, have been unveiled to carry circular RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNA paired-related homeobox 1 (circPRRX1) can be transferred by exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells. Here, we investigated the activity and mechanism of exosomal circPRRX1 in gastric tumorigenesis and radiation sensitivity.

Circ_0062558 promotes growth, migration, and glutamine metabolism in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting the miR-876-3p/SLC1A5 axis.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to function as vital regulators in cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to explore the role of circ_0062558 in TNBC.

Methods: The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to quantify the expressions of circ_0062558, microRNA-876-3p (miR-876-3p), and solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5 (SLC1A5) in TNBC tissues and cells.

Lung cancer growth inhibition and autophagy activation by tetrazole via ERK1/2 up-regulation and mTOR/p70S6K signaling down-regulation.

Lung cancer, a most common clinically diagnosed malignancy grows rapidly and undergoes metastasis/diffusion to distant organs at a fast rate. In the present study gravacridondiol tetrazole (tetrazole) was synthesized and investigated for lung cancer growth inhibition potential in vitro. MTT assay and flow cytometry using propidium iodide were used to determine viability changes and DNA content distribution.

Luteolin and sorafenib combination kills human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through apoptosis potentiation and JNK activation.

Sorafenib is a small-molecule multi-kinase inhibitor approved by FDA as an oral agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma. However, unresponsiveness and acquired resistance are commonly observed, which hinder the clinical use of sorafenib. As combination therapy is a promising approach to improve its efficacy, we investigated if sorafenib and luteolin combination is effective in killing human HCC cells.

Combination of wogonin and sorafenib effectively kills human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through apoptosis potentiation and autophagy inhibition.

The small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib has become the standard systemic treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma. Similar to other kinase inhibitors, drug resistance hinders its clinical use; thus, combination therapy to improve sorafenib sensitivity is a promising approach. The present study shows for the first time that the combination of sorafenib and wogonin exerts a significant potentiation of cytotoxicity in a number of human HCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner.

A spiroplasma associated with tremor disease in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

An epidemic of tremor disease has been a serious problem in Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis, in China in recent years. The disease-causing agent was previously considered to be a rickettsia-like organism. Here, analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, light and electron microscopy and cultivation in vitro were used to identify the agent.

Study on experimental infections of Spiroplasma from the Chinese mitten crab in crayfish, mice and embryonated chickens.

Tremor disease (TD) of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensi has become a serious disease in the Chinese freshwater culture industry in recent years. The agent, belonging to Spiroplasma, was purified from yolk and allantoic fluids of chicken embryos and was then inoculated into the body of crayfish, the abdominal cavity of ICR mice and the allantoid of chicken embryos, respectively. Thirty-eight days after the inoculation, the mice and crayfish were dissected and their tissues sampled and observed with both the light and electron microscope.