Research on the Polishing Process of Wolter-I Type Grazing Incidence Mirrors.

As the demand for solar X-ray observation devices continues to rise, the Wolter-I type grazing incidence mirror has emerged as a critical component in these instruments, particularly for high-precision imaging. This mirror efficiently focuses X-rays, enabling astronomers to detect fainter celestial signals. It plays a key role in providing essential data for understanding the origin and evolution of the universe.

Interaction between nasal epithelial cells and Tregs in allergic rhinitis responses to allergen via CCL1/CCR8.

Background: The airway epithelial barrier is the first defence against aeroallergens. Nasal epithelial cells (NECs) are vital in regulating innate and adaptive mucosal immunity in allergic rhinitis (AR). Tregs produce cytokines essential for the immunomodulatory activities in allergen immunotherapy.

Deoxyshikonin from Arnebiae Radix promotes hair growth by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Background: Alopecia is a common skin condition with limited effective treatments. Arnebiae Radix (AR) is a traditional Asian herb used for various skin disorders. However, its specific components and the mechanisms underlying its hair growth-promoting effects remain elusive.

The combination of microplastics and glyphosate affects the microbiome of soil inhabitant Enchytraeus crypticus.

Microplastics and pesticides are emerging contaminants that threaten soil ecosystems, yet their combined effects on soil health and soil fauna remain poorly understood. In this study, we constructed a microcosm to assess the individual and combined effects of microplastics and glyphosate on soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and the gut microbiome of soil invertebrates (Enchytraeus crypticus). Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were introduced at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Discovery of a selective and reversible LSD1 inhibitor with potent anticancer effects and .

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is abnormally overexpressed in various tumour tissues of patients and has been an attractive anticancer target. In this work, a potent LSD1 inhibitor (compound ) was designed and synthesised by the molecular hybridisation strategy. It displays the potent antiproliferative activity against HepG2, HEP3B, HUH6, and HUH7 cells with IC values of 0.

Multiplexed CRISPRi Reveals a Transcriptional Switch Between KLF Activators and Repressors in the Maturing Neocortex.

A critical phase of mammalian brain development takes place after birth. Neurons of the mouse neocortex undergo dramatic changes in their morphology, physiology, and synaptic connections during the first postnatal month, while properties of immature neurons, such as the capacity for robust axon outgrowth, are lost. The genetic and epigenetic programs controlling prenatal development are well studied, but our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate postnatal neuronal maturation is comparatively lacking.

Uncovering potential molecular markers and pathological mechanisms of Parkinson's disease and myocardial infarction based on bioinformatics analysis.

Background: The direct association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and Myocardial infarction (MI) has been the subject of relatively limited research.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the genes most associated with PD and MI to explore their common pathogenesis.

Methods: The gene expression profiles of PD and MI were downloaded from GEO database.

Coptis cream ethanol extract regulates degranulation caused by allergic reactions through MGPRB3/PLC/TRPV1 signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The classic formulation, Coptis cream, is widely used in clinical practice to treat allergic skin conditions, including eczema and urticaria. Through extraction screening, Coptis cream extract obtained with 75% ethanol (referred to as RPTCA) demonstrated optimal anti-allergic effects. However, the underlying mechanism of its anti-allergic action remains unexplored.

Correlation between pollen morphology, karyotype, floral pigments, and scent components and morphological classification of 15 species and hybrids of Syringa L.

In this paper, the pollen morphology characteristics, chromosome karyotype characteristics, floral pigments, and scents components of 15 species and hybrids of Syringa L. were obtained by means of scanning electron microscopy, root tips quash method, HPLC-MS, and GC-MS, and the 15 species and hybrids of Syringa L. were clustered separately with each index.

A novel strategy for the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 against ovarian reserve decline by the PINK1 pathway.

Context: The decline in ovarian reserve is a major concern in female reproductive health, often associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although ginsenoside Rg1 is known to modulate mitophagy, its effectiveness in mitigating ovarian reserve decline remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the role of ginsenoside Rg1 in promoting mitophagy to preserve ovarian reserve.

Functional Characterization and In Silico Prediction Tools Improve the Pathogenicity Prediction of Novel Bile Acid Transporter Variants.

The pathogenicity of cholestatic liver diseases (CLDs) remains insufficiently characterized, hindering definitive diagnosis and timely treatment. The aim of this study was to improve the pathogenicity prediction of novel bile acid (BA) transporter variants in patients with CLDs. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and genetic profiles of a CLD cohort (n = 57) using multiple in silico tools and in vitro functional assays.

Bile acids as a key target: traditional Chinese medicine for precision management of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus through the gut microbiota-bile acids axis.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance (IR) and insufficient insulin secretion. Its characteristic pathophysiological processes involve the interaction of multiple mechanisms. In recent years, globally, the prevalence of T2DM has shown a sharp rise due to profound changes in socio-economic structure, the persistent influence of environmental factors, and the complex role of genetic background.

Gut microbiota changes associated with frailty in older adults: A systematic review of observational studies.

Background: Frailty is a complex aging-related syndrome characterized by a cumulative loss of physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to adverse clinical outcomes, including falls, disability, incapacity and death. While an increasing number of studies suggest that the gut microbiota may play a key role in the pathophysiology of frailty, direct evaluation of the association between gut microbiome alterations and frailty in older adults remains limited.

Aim: To gain insight into gut dysbiosis in frail older adults.

Bioinspired Janus Mesh with Mechanical Support and Side-specific Biofunctions for Hernia Repair.

Postoperative adhesion (PA) caused by the combination of proteins, inflammatory response and bacterial infection poses substantial challenges for polypropylene meshes (PPMs) based hernioplasty. Herein, inspired by the peritoneum, a Janus PPMs with side-specific functions was developed via a surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization technology. A physical barrier composed of zwitterionic polymer brushes (PS) was firstly constructed on the one side of the PPMs, while the polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) brushes acting as the linker for bioactive nanoparticles (HAP) were precisely situated on the opposite surface subsequently.

The effects of different halogenated-pyrethroid pesticides on soil microbial community.

The application of pesticides increases crop yields but affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community. Halogens are common functional modification groups in chemical compounds, and innovative pesticides have been developed on the basis of these groups. However, the effects of different halogen substituents on soil microorganisms remain unclear.

Comprehensive characterization and metabolomics to explore the role of hydrocortisone-induced yin deficiency syndrome in mice.

Yin deficiency syndrome is a theoretical concept of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that claims an imbalance between Yin and Yang serves as a potential etiological factor disrupting physiological homeostasis. Its diagnosis in TCM is hindered by the intricate and diverse etiology, resulting in the absence of quantification and standardization. Hence, this study developed a hydrocortisone (HC) induced Yin deficiency syndrome model to investigate the intricate network underlying TCM and elucidate its intervention mechanism.

Mediating role of gut microbiota on Baduanjin for cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: The gut microbiome plays an important role in maintaining both cognitive and physical functions in older adults, and gut dysbiosis is an important pathophysiological mechanism of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. As a typical traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, regular Baduanjin training has been shown to improve cognitive function and modulate the gut microbiome in community-dwelling older adults. However, the potential role of the gut microbiome in the benefits of Baduanjin on cognitive function remains unclear.

Comparative study of gut content microbiota in freshwater fish with different feeding habits: A case study of an urban lake.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various physiological functions of the host and can be modulated by numerous factors, including feeding habit or trophic level. In this study, the impact of host feeding habits on the gut microbiota of freshwater fish was explored. Ten fish species, classified into four feeding habit categories (herbivorous, omnivorous, planktivorous, and carnivorous) were sampled from West Lake, a renowned urban scenic lake, and their gut content microbiota was analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.

Didang Tang alleviates neuronal ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Introduction: Ferroptosis is a crucial process contributing to neuronal damage following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Didang Tang (DDT), a traditional therapeutic, has been used clinically to manage ICH for many years, yet the molecular mechanisms by which by DDT protects neurons from ferroptosis after ICH remain elusive.

Methods: This study utilized high-performance liquid chromatography-based fingerprint analysis to characterize DDT's chemical composition.

Machine learning models reveal how polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons influence environmental bacterial communities.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are harmful and widespread pollutants in the environment, posing an ecological threat. However, exploring the influence of PAHs on environmental bacterial communities in different habitats (soil, water, and sediment) remains a major challenge. We collected and reanalyzed 1924 16S rRNA sequencing samples to determine the effects of PAHs on bacterial communities in different habitats and used machine learning to predict potential degrading bacteria.

Microenvironment-Responsive Hydrogel Enclosed with Bioactive Nanoparticle for Synergistic Postoperative Adhesion Prevention.

Postoperative adhesion (PA) is a severe complication of abdominal surgery caused by the inability of clinical physical barriers to cope with diverse pathological factors in the process of PA formation. Herein, we described a multifunctional hydrogel composed of bioactive nanoparticles (BNs) and dual-responsive hydrogel to serve as a combination of physical and pharmacological therapy for preventing PA. Specifically, BNs with pro-inflammatory cell-targeted aggregation were designed by integrating hyaluronic acid onto the polydopamine (PDA)-coated hollow ZrO nanoparticles loaded with antimicrobial peptides and platelet lysates that can eliminate bacterial infection and promote tissue repair.

Sivelestat Sodium Alleviates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Suppressing TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Mice.

Purpose: We aim to detect the effects of sivelestat on renal ischemia-reperfusion associated with AKI and also explore the underlying mechanism.

Materials And Methods: Mice, aged between 8 and 12 weeks, were randomly allocated among four distinct groups, respectively normal saline sham group(C), normal saline surgery group(I), sivelestat (50 mg/kg) sham group(S), sivelestat (50 mg/kg) surgery group(SI) (n=6, each group). In the surgical groups, the renal pedicles of mice were clamped with non-traumatic micro-aneurysm clamps, resulting in ischemia of the kidneys for 45 minutes.

Virulence Potential of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated during the Perinatal Period.

Objective:  The aim of the study was to investigate the virulence factors in producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) derived from the perinatal fecal colonization flora of mothers and their newborns in a Chinese obstetric ward.

Study Design:  Rectal swabs were obtained from mothers prenatally and from their newborns postnatally, and analyzed for ESBL-producing . The isolates were then whole-genome sequenced.