Early detection and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in infants with Down syndrome: a prospective, non-randomised, controlled, interventional study.

Background: Infants with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and behaviour problems. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of early OSA treatment in infants with DS on neurocognitive development and behaviour.

Methods: In this prospective, interventional, non-randomised study, 40 infants with DS underwent polysomnography (PSG) every 6 months in room air between 6 and 36 months of age () and were compared to a control group of 40 infants with DS receiving standard of care and a single, systematic PSG in room air at 36 months of age ().

Effect of long term noninvasive ventilation in children on parent's quality of life.

Objective: Improving or maintaining the quality of life of the family of children treated with long term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a major concern; but studies are scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of long term CPAP or NIV in children on anxiety, depression, quality of sleep, and quality of life of their parents.

Methods: Validated questionnaires evaluating anxiety and depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale), sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and parents' quality of life (PedsQL family impact module) were completed by parents of children who were started on CPAP/NIV before (M0) and after 6-9 months (M6) of treatment.

Quality of poly(somno)graphy recordings in children.

The aim of the study was to assess the scorability of the signals of four poly(somno)graphy devices and transcutaneous carbon dioxide tracings (PtcCO ) of one device in children. The presence (0%, < 25%, 25%-50%, 50%-75%, 75%-99%, 100% of recording time) and quality (bad, average, good) of the signal of each sensor were analysed. During a 5-month period, 364 poly(somno)graphies were performed in 12 different hospital units.

Tracheal sounds for the scoring of sleep respiratory events in children.

Study Objectives: Oronasal thermistor and nasal cannula are recommended for the scoring of respiratory events (RE) but these sensors are poorly tolerated in children. The aim of the study was to evaluate tracheal sounds (TS) and suprasternal pressure (SSP) for the scoring of RE during sleep in children.

Methods: We compared the detection and characterization of RE by AASM-recommended sensors ("AASM" scoring), with the detection and characterization of RE by the combination of TS and SSP with respiratory inductance plethysmography-sum (TS-RIP scoring), and TS and SSP only (TS scoring).

Polysomnographic findings in Rett syndrome.

Introduction: Rett syndrome (RS) is a severe neurodevelopment disorder associated with abnormal breathing during wakefulness and disturbed nocturnal behaviour. Breathing abnormalities during daytime have been extensively reported but polysomnographic (PSG) findings have been poorly studied.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with RS carrying distinct mutations in MECP2 gene, who underwent a PSG between October 2014 and January 2018, were included in the study.

Parent-child co-sleeping in children with co-morbid conditions and sleep-disordered breathing.

Purpose: Co-sleeping is common in children with co-morbid conditions. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence and determinants of parent-child co-sleeping in children with co-morbid conditions and sleep-disordered breathing and the impact on parental sleep.

Methods: Parents of consecutive children undergoing a sleep study filled in a questionnaire on co-sleeping.

Parents of children referred to a sleep laboratory for disordered breathing reported anxiety, daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality.

Aim: We evaluated the impact that having a child with sleep-disordered breathing had on their parents, including their own sleep quality.

Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 96 parents of 86 children referred for a sleep study or control of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) at the sleep laboratory of the Necker Hospital, Paris, France, between October 2015 and January 2016. The questionnaires evaluated anxiety and depression, family functioning, the parents' quality of life, daytime sleepiness and sleep quality.

Can the analysis of built-in software of CPAP devices replace polygraphy in children?

Objectives: Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for the scoring of residual respiratory events during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Studies comparing PSG scoring with automatic scoring by the built-in software of CPAP devices have reported acceptable agreements except for the hypopnea index (HI) in adult patients, but no study has yet been conducted in children. The aim of the present study was to compare the automatic scoring by CPAP device and manual scoring using the software tracings of the CPAP device integrating pulse oximetry (SpO) with in-lab polygraphy (PG).

A comparison of pulse oximetry and cerebral oxygenation in children with severe sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: a pilot study.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to assess the impact of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on cerebral oxygenation. However, the relationship between the variations in the cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (ΔTOI) and pulse oximetry (ΔSpO ) has not been assessed in children with OSAHS. Consecutive clinically stable children with severe OSAHS [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >15 events h ] diagnosed during a night-time polygraphy with simultaneous recording of cerebral oxygenation with NIRS (NIRO-200NX, Hamamatsu Photonics KK) were included between September 2015 and June 2016.

Obstructive sleep apnea in Down syndrome: Benefits of surgery and noninvasive respiratory support.

Children with Down syndrome are at increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of the study was to describe the management of OSA in a large cohort of children with Down syndrome. A retrospective analysis of sleep studies and consequent management was performed for all consecutive Down syndrome patients evaluated between September 2013 and April 2016.

Sleep-disordered breathing and its management in children with achondroplasia.

Sleep-disordered breathing is a common feature in children with achondroplasia. The aim of our study was to review the poly(somno)graphic (P(S)G) findings and consequent treatments in children with achondroplasia followed in the national reference center for skeletal dysplasia. A retrospective review of the clinical charts and P(S)G of 43 consecutive children (mean age 3.

Sleep study as a diagnostic tool for unexplained respiratory failure in infants hospitalized in the PICU.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic value of a polygraphy (PG) in infants hospitalized for unexplained respiratory failure or life-threatening events in the PICU.

Material And Methods: The PG of 13 infants (4 girls), mean age 6.8±7.