Annual number of generations and biology of non-parasitic phase of Rhipicephalus microplus in irrigated and non-irrigated pasture in a tropical region.

This study aimed to verify the number of R. microplus annual generations in irrigated and non-irrigated pastures compared to the constant ideal environment. It also sought to evaluate the biology of the non-parasitic phase of this tick for each generation in these different areas of pasture; assess the larvae population dynamics in the pasture of each tick generation, and evaluate the R.

Ticks parasitizing cold-blooded animals from three different Brazilian biomes; with note for males of Amblyomma rotundatum.

Ticks parasitize a wide variety of wild animals, including amphibians and reptiles. In addition to the possibility of microorganism transmission to these hosts, ticks can also cause severe bleeding, and high parasitism can lead to death. Therefore, knowing the diversity of ticks parasitizing amphibians and reptiles is important for conservation and preservation measures for these vertebrates.

Brazil's battle against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks: current strategies and future directions.

Ticks are parasitic arthropods that cause significant economic losses to livestock production worldwide. Although Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, the cattle tick, occurs throughout the Brazilian territory, there is no official program to control this tick, which is the vector of tick fever pathogens. We address the situation of R.

and Assessment of Dimeric Flavonoids (Brachydins) on Glutathione S-transferase.

Introduction: , an important cattle ectoparasite, is responsible for a substantial negative impact on the economy due to productivity loss. The emergence of resistance to widely used commercial acaricides has sparked efforts to explore alternative products for tick control.

Methods: To address this challenge, innovative solutions targeting essential tick enzymes, like glutathione S-transferase (GST), have gained attention.

An alkaloidal fraction of Annona tomentosa possesses anthelmintic activity and induces surface modifications in Haemonchus contortus.

The nematode Haemonchus contortus is, as a parasite, responsible for most mortality of small ruminants, causing significant economic losses. Numerous plant-derived compounds have exhibited promising anthelmintic activities against this nematode. Notably, the Annona genus stands out for demonstrated anthelmintic effects by extracts from several of its species against different nematodes.

Encapsulation of carvacrol and thymol with yeast cell wall and its repellent activity against Amblyomma sculptum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Sensu Lato).

The main way to avoid contact with ticks and consequently tick-borne disease is the use of synthetic repellents. The search of new repellent compounds to increase the possibilities of use in strategies controls are necessary. The present study evaluated the repellent activity of two natural terpenes carvacrol and thymol in each one two different formulation (encapsulated and nonencapsulated with yeast cell wall) against the ticks Amblyomma sculptum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato nymphs.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus field isolates from South Africa and Brazil.

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the most successful ticks infesting cattle around the world. This highly-invasive species transmits cattle parasites that cause cattle fever leading to a high socio-economic burden. Tick eradication programs have often failed, due to the development of acaricide resistance.

Essential oils and isolated compounds for tick control: advances beyond the laboratory.

Background: Tick control is a worldwide challenge due to its resistance to acaricides. Essential oils (EOs) and isolated compounds (EOCs) are potential alternatives for tick control technologies.

Methods: A review with EOs and EOCs, under field and semi-field conditions, was performed based on Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases.

Selective versus strategic control against Rhipicephalus microplus in cattle: A comparative analysis of efficacy, animal health, productivity, cost, and resistance management.

This study compared selective control versus strategic control against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, under conditions of a real dairy farm. Strategic control requires that all animals be treated with acaricide at regular pre-determined intervals. Selective control only requires treatment of infested animals and only when they are at or above a pre-determined threshold.

Phytochemicals in Gastrointestinal Nematode Control: Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Ivermectin plus Carvone Combination.

A wide variety of plant-derived phytochemicals with anthelmintic effects have been described. Most of them have shown activity against parasites in vitro but have not been extensively explored in vivo. The aim of the current work was to study the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the combined administration of carvone (R-CNE) and ivermectin (IVM) to lambs.

Anonaine from Annona crassiflora inhibits glutathione S-transferase and improves cypermethrin activity on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887).

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) is one of the most important ectoparasites of cattle, causing severe economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The selection of resistance to the most commonly used commercial acaricides has stimulated the search for new products for tick control. The identification and development of drugs that inhibit key tick enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), is a rational approach that has already been applied to other parasites than ticks.

Pharmacological characterization of geraniol in sheep and its potential use in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes.

Geraniol (GNL) was effective against gastrointestinal nematodes ; nevertheless, the anthelmintic effect of phytochemicals combined with synthetic drugs has been little explored . This article characterized / the pharmacological features of GNL in sheep as well as its pharmacokinetic interaction with albendazole (ABZ). Additionally, the efficacy of GNL against was evaluated in lambs.

Acaricidal activity of carvacrol and thymol on acaricide-resistant Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) populations and combination with cypermethrin: Is there cross-resistance and synergism?

This study evaluated the acaricidal activity of thymol and carvacrol on Rhipicephalus microplus populations with different resistance profiles and investigated the synergistic effect of combinations of these monoterpenes with cypermethrin. The adult immersion test (AIT) was used to characterize the susceptibility of tick populations (45 field populations) to synthetic acaricides: deltamethrin, amitraz and chlorfenvinphos. The larval packet test (LPT) was used to determine the LC values for thymol (25 tick populations) and carvacrol (20 tick populations).

Assessment of lipid profile in fat body and eggs of Rhipicephalus microplus engorged females exposed to (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol, potential acaricide compounds.

In the present study, the lipid profile from the fat body and eggs of Rhipicephalus microplus was evaluated after exposure of engorged females to (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol, substances which have acaricide potential according to the literature. Engorged females collected from artificially infested cattle were immersed in a concentration of 10.0 mg/mL of each substance.

Acaricide activity of extract and an isolated compound of Lithraea brasiliensis on Rhipicephalus microplus and selectivity actions against a non-target organism.

Rhipicephalus microplus, known as the cattle tick, is a cause of great economic losses for dairy cattle farming because of its high frequency of occurrence and the difficulty in controlling it. This research characterized the chemical profile and evaluated the in vitro toxicity of crude Lithraea brasiliensis extract and its isolated compound against acaricide-resistant and acaricide-susceptible R. microplus strains.

Practices employed by veterinary practitioners for controlling canine gastrointestinal helminths and ectoparasites.

The present study attempted to evaluate the practical experience and methods employed by Brazilian veterinary practitioners for control of parasites. Twenty-one questions were asked of 403 veterinary practitioners based in different climatic zones with reference to parasite epidemiology from the country. Administration of a combination of drugs at three-month intervals was the most common regime recommended for prophylaxis against gastrointestinal helminths, with a single treatment repeated after 15 days.

Effects of acaricidal essential oils from Lippia sidoides and Lippia gracilis and their main components on vitellogenesis in Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae).

Rhipicephalus microplus is an important cattle tick, and resistant strains to synthetic compounds have been widespread. The combined effects of different essential oil compounds enhance biological activity and reduce selection for the development of target organism resistance. Essential oils of two different genotypes of each of Lippia sidoides and Lippia gracilis and their main components, the isomers thymol and carvacrol, have acted as acaricides against R.

Effects of essential oils on native and recombinant acetylcholinesterases of Rhipicephalus microplus.

This study reports the action of essential oils (EO) from five plants on the activity of native and recombinant acetylcholinesterases (AChE) from Rhipicephalus microplus. Enzyme activity of native susceptible AChE extract (S.AChE), native resistant AChE extract (R.

Exposure of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato Latreille, 1806 (Acari: Ixodidae) to hexane extract of Acmella oleracea (Jambu): semi-engorged and engorged ticks.

The present study analyzed the efficacy of hexane extract of Acmella oleracea against Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. After exposure of R. sanguineus s.

In vitro assessment of the efficacy of protein exudates from seeds against Haemonchus contortus.

Nematodes develop resistance to the most common commercially available drugs. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the action of protein exudates from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia mangium, and Stylosanthes capitata seeds on the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus. The exuded proteins were precipitated, dialyzed, lyophilized, and assessed for their effect on egg hatching and artificial larval exsheathment inhibition.

Inhibition of Protease and Egg Hatching of Haemonchus contortus by Soybean Seed Exudates.

Gastrointestinal nematode infection of small ruminants causes losses in livestock production. Plant compounds show promises as alternatives to commercial anthelmintics that have been exerting selective pressures that lead to the development of drug-resistant parasites. Soybean (Glycine max) is an economical value crop, with a higher protein content compared to other legumes.

Occurrence and anatomical distribution of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in swine.

Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) has been considered the most important cause of myiasis in animals in the South America with most cases being recorded in cattle. In Brazil, the risk of myiasis in swine population is underestimated, leading to difficulties in the implementation of preventive measures. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of myiasis infesting a swine population over a one-year period and to evaluate the anatomical distribution of these larvae on the animal's body.

Combination of bioactive phytochemicals and synthetic anthelmintics: In vivo and in vitro assessment of the albendazole-thymol association.

The search of novel strategies for anthelmintic control is a crucial need considering the widespread increase in resistant parasitic populations in livestock. Bioactive phytochemicals may contribute to improve parasite control by enhancing the effect of existing anthelmintic drugs. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro pharmaco-chemical interaction and the in vivo efficacy of the combination of albendazole (ABZ) with thymol (TML) in lambs naturally infected with resistant gastrointestinal nematodes.