Protective Efficacy of Decreasing Antigen Doses of a Subcellular Vaccine Against Ovine Enzootic Abortion in a Pregnant Sheep Challenge Model.

Background/objective: , the cause of ovine enzootic abortion, is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen and one of the most infectious causes of foetal death in sheep worldwide. Although the disease can be controlled using commercial inactivated and live whole-organism vaccines, there are issues with both, particularly concerning efficacy and safety. Recently, we have described the development of a new COMC (chlamydial outer membrane complex) vaccine based on a detergent-extracted outer membrane protein preparation of the pathogen, which can be delivered in a single inoculation and is both efficacious and safe.

Expansion of a conserved architecture drives the evolution of the primate visual cortex.

Human brain evolution is marked by a disproportionate expansion of cortical regions associated with advanced perceptual and cognitive functions. While this expansion is often attributed to the emergence of novel specialized brain areas, modifications to evolutionarily conserved cortical regions also have been linked to species-specific behaviors. Distinguishing between these two evolutionary outcomes has been limited by the ability to make direct comparisons between species.

The effect of caricaturing on the esthetic appeal of familiar faces, and its relation to simple proportion judgments.

It has been suggested that caricaturing enhances esthetic appeal, by making an image more strongly stimulate those areas of the brain encoding the subject's distinctive features than does the subject itself. However, some experimental work suggests that people prefer faces with proportions closer to average, or closer to a particular template. It might be that familiarity with the face is important if caricaturing is to increase the esthetic appeal of a likeness.

Face cells encode object parts more than facial configuration of illusory faces.

Humans perceive illusory faces in everyday objects with a face-like configuration, an illusion known as face pareidolia. Face-selective regions in humans and monkeys, believed to underlie face perception, have been shown to respond to face pareidolia images. Here, we investigated whether pareidolia selectivity in macaque inferotemporal cortex is explained by the face-like configuration that drives the human perception of illusory faces.

Inferotemporal face patches are histo-architectonically distinct.

An interconnected group of cortical regions distributed across the primate inferotemporal cortex forms a network critical for face perception. Understanding the microarchitecture of this face network can refine mechanistic accounts of how individual areas function and interact to support visual perception. To address this, we acquire a unique dataset in macaque monkeys combining fMRI to localize face patches in vivo and then ex vivo histology to resolve their histo-architecture across cortical depths in the same individuals.

Metabolic adaptation following gastric bypass surgery: results from a 2-year observational study.

Background/objectives: Metabolic adaptation is the lowering of basal metabolic rate (BMR) beyond what is predicted from changes in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) and may hamper weight-loss progression. It is unclear whether metabolic adaptation occurs following gastric bypass surgery (GBP) and if it persists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction in BMR that is not explained by changes in body composition in patients following GBP compared to a weight-stable comparator group.

Development of a Patient-Centered Pathway of Care for Retinoblastoma Patients: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study.

Introduction: Retinoblastoma treatment and follow-up is complex and varies between patients. Pathways of care can enhance the quality of care, patient outcomes, safety, satisfaction, and resource optimization. Developing a pathway of care for retinoblastoma was identified as a top research priority by the retinoblastoma community.

Feature-selective responses in macaque visual cortex follow eye movements during natural vision.

In natural vision, primates actively move their eyes several times per second via saccades. It remains unclear whether, during this active looking, visual neurons exhibit classical retinotopic properties, anticipate gaze shifts or mirror the stable quality of perception, especially in complex natural scenes. Here, we let 13 monkeys freely view thousands of natural images across 4.

Self-perceived food literacy in relation to the quality of overall diet and main meals: A cross-sectional study in Japanese adults.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between self-perceived food literacy (SPFL) and quality of overall diet and main meals in Japanese adults. In total, 5998 adults aged 20-79 years were included in this analysis. The SPFL was assessed using the Japanese version of the 29-item Dutch SPFL scale (score range 1-5).

A Whole-Brain Topographic Ontology.

It is a common view that the intricate array of specialized domains in the ventral visual pathway is innately prespecified. What this review postulates is that it is not. We explore the origins of domain specificity, hypothesizing that the adult brain emerges from an interplay between a domain-general map-based architecture, shaped by intrinsic mechanisms, and experience.

Prevalence and Correlates of Dietary and Nutrition Information Seeking Through Various Web-Based and Offline Media Sources Among Japanese Adults: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The advent of the internet has changed the landscape of available nutrition information. However, little is known about people's information-seeking behavior toward healthy eating and its potential consequences.

Objective: We aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of nutrition information seeking from various web-based and offline media sources.

Web-Based Content on Diet and Nutrition Written in Japanese: Infodemiology Study Based on Google Trends and Google Search.

Background: The increased availability of content of uncertain integrity obtained through the internet is a major concern. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive scrutiny of the fitness-for-purpose of web-based content on diet and nutrition.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aims to describe diet- and nutrition-related web-based content written in Japanese, identified via a systematic extraction strategy using Google Trends and Google Search.

When the whole is only the parts: non-holistic object parts predominate face-cell responses to illusory faces.

Humans are inclined to perceive faces in everyday objects with a face-like configuration. This illusion, known as face pareidolia, is often attributed to a specialized network of 'face cells' in primates. We found that face cells in macaque inferotemporal cortex responded selectively to pareidolia images, but this selectivity did not require a holistic, face-like configuration, nor did it encode human faceness ratings.

The neural code for "face cells" is not face-specific.

Face cells are neurons that respond more to faces than to non-face objects. They are found in clusters in the inferotemporal cortex, thought to process faces specifically, and, hence, studied using faces almost exclusively. Analyzing neural responses in and around macaque face patches to hundreds of objects, we found graded response profiles for non-face objects that predicted the degree of face selectivity and provided information on face-cell tuning beyond that from actual faces.

The Immune Response in the Uteri and Placentae of -Infected Ewes and Its Association with Pregnancy Outcomes.

The enzootic abortion of ewes, caused by the bacterium (), is one of the main causes of abortion in sheep. There are multiple contributory factors, including chlamydial growth, host immune response, and hormonal balance, that result in different pregnancy outcomes, such as abortion, the birth of weak lambs that may die, or healthy lambs. This study aimed to determine the relationship between phenotypical patterns of immune cell infiltration and different pregnancy outcomes in twin-bearing sheep (both lambs born dead; one alive and one dead; both alive) when experimentally infected with .

Associations of food choice values and food literacy with overall diet quality: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Japanese adults.

To date, a limited number of studies have examined aspects of food choice values and food literacy in relation to some aspects of dietary behaviours. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to comprehensively examine the associations of food choice values and food literacy with diet quality. In total, 2231 Japanese adults aged 19-80 years completed questionnaires asking about food choice values (accessibility, convenience, health/weight control, tradition, sensory appeal, organic, comfort and safety) and food literacy characterised by nutrition knowledge, cooking skills, food skills and eating behaviours (hunger, food responsiveness, emotional overeating, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness, emotional undereating, food fussiness and slowness in eating).

Efficacy of Phase I and Phase II Bacterin Vaccines in a Pregnant Ewe Challenge Model.

The bacterium can cause the disease Q-fever in a wide range of animal hosts. Ruminants, including sheep, are thought to play a pivotal role in the transmission of to humans; however, the only existing livestock vaccine, namely, Coxevac (Ceva Animal Health Ltd., Libourne, France), a killed bacterin vaccine based on phase I strain Nine-Mile, is only approved for use in goats and cattle.

Food combination questionnaire for Japanese: relative validity regarding food and nutrient intake and overall diet quality against the 4-day weighed dietary record.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relative validity of food and nutrient intakes and overall diet quality scores derived using a newly developed dietary assessment questionnaire (food combination questionnaire, FCQ). Dietary data were collected from 222 Japanese adults (111 for each sex) aged 30-76 years using the online FCQ and then the 4-non-consective-day weighed dietary record (DR). The median of Spearman correlation coefficients for sixteen food groups was 0⋅32 among women and 0⋅38 among men.

Food Intake Following Gastric Bypass Surgery: Patients Eat Less but Do Not Eat Differently.

Background: Lack of robust research methodology for assessing ingestive behavior has impeded clarification of the mediators of food intake following gastric bypass (GBP) surgery.

Objectives: To evaluate changes in directly measured 24-h energy intake (EI), energy density (ED) (primary outcomes), eating patterns, and food preferences (secondary outcomes) in patients and time-matched weight-stable comparator participants.

Methods: Patients [n = 31, 77% female, BMI (in kg/m) 45.

Look twice: A generalist computational model predicts return fixations across tasks and species.

Primates constantly explore their surroundings via saccadic eye movements that bring different parts of an image into high resolution. In addition to exploring new regions in the visual field, primates also make frequent return fixations, revisiting previously foveated locations. We systematically studied a total of 44,328 return fixations out of 217,440 fixations.