Genotypic profile of benzimidazole resistance associated with SNP F167Y and F200Y beta-tubulin gene in Brazilian populations of Haemonchus contortus of goats.

Benzimidazoles are the most common anthelminthic used for control of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Resistance to these compounds in the nematode Haemonchus contortus has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in codons 167 (F167Y) and 200 (F200Y) on the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. To determine the resistance profile to benzimidazoles of populations of H.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxocara infection in children from an urban large setting in Northeast Brazil.

Objectives: This study aimed to standardize an "in house" immunoassay to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in human serum to estimate the seroprevalence of Toxocara infection, and to identify its potential risk factors in children living in poor areas of Salvador, a large northeastern Brazilian city.

Methods: Parents of 1309 children answered a questionnaire containing possible risk factor for acquisition of this infection. Blood was collected and the presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies was detected by indirect ELISA using T.

Toxocara seropositivity, atopy and wheezing in children living in poor neighbourhoods in urban Latin American.

Background: Toxocara canis and T. cati are parasites of dogs and cats, respectively, that infect humans and cause human toxocariasis. Infection may cause asthma-like symptoms but is often asymptomatic and is associated with a marked eosinophilia.

[Prevalence and risk factors of human infection by Toxocara canis in Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil].

Introduction: Larva migrans visceral is caused by Toxocara sp and has never been studied in Bahia. This work investigated the prevalence and risk factors for infection by Toxocara canis in individuals from Salvador, State of Bahia.

Methods: Three hundred and thirty-eight individuals were investigated for the presence of serum IgG anti-T.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for canine toxocariasis by detection of specific IgG as a marker of infection in dogs from Salvador, Brazil.

Toxocara canis is a highly prevalent worldwide canine nematode responsible for enzootic and zoonotic infections. It is considered to be one of the main agents of human visceral and ocular larva migrans. False negative diagnosis may occur because adult infected dogs with "dormant" larvae may have negative fecal test results since they usually do not shed parasite eggs in their stools.

Spontaneous cytokine production in children according to biological characteristics and environmental exposures.

Background: Environmental factors are likely to have profound effects on the development of host immune responses, with serious implications for infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders such as asthma.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of environmental exposures on the cytokine profile of children.

Methods: The study involved measurement of T helper (Th) 1 (interferon-gamma), 2 [interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13], and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 in unstimulated peripheral blood leukocytes from 1,376 children 4-11 years of age living in a poor urban area of the tropics.

An improved method to obtain antigen-excreting Toxocara canis larvae.

Toxocara canis is a dog helminth which causes visceral larva migrans (VLM) when infecting humans as a larva. The infection is demonstrated by detecting IgG antibodies against excretory-secretory larval antigens (ESLA) in serum by ELISA. The production of ESLA involves the collection of adult worms from dog puppy stools, the separation of eggs from dissected uteri, and the in vitro growing of egg-derived larvae, following the time-consuming and laborious protocol described by De Savigny [De Savigny, D.