The Itapemirim River is vital for Espírito Santo, Brazil, but faces serious environmental issues due to human contamination affecting its water quality.
A study measured water quality and found high levels of aluminum and copper above legal limits, while most other pollutants were within acceptable ranges.
Additionally, significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects were observed in laboratory tests using plant and animal cells, indicating the need for urgent action to improve the river's health.