The role of melatonin on miRNAs modulation in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Melatonin, a hormone secreted by pineal gland, exerts antimetastatic effects by reducing tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in regulation of gene expression and biological processes of the cells. Herein, we search for a link between the tumor/metastatic-suppressive actions of melatonin and miRNA expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Role of miRNAs in tumor and endothelial cell interactions during tumor progression.

Cancer is a multistep disease based on crucial interactions between tumor cells and the microenvironment (extracellular matrix and stroma/immune cells). In fact, during dissemination, tumor cells have to escape from the primary tumor mass, cross the basal membrane, interact with endothelial cells to enter blood vessels (intravasation), survive in the bloodstream, get in contact with endothelial cells again to exit the bloodstream (extravasation) and seed in distant organs. Interactions between tumor and stroma cells are strongly coordinated by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs able to silence protein coding genes by binding to specific recognition sites, mostly located at the 3' UTR of mature mRNAs.

Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in the Regulation of MiR-148a-3p and Angiogenic Factors in Breast Cancer.

Background: The high mortality rate of breast cancer is related to the occurrence of metastasis, a process that is promoted by tumor angiogenesis. MicroRNAs are small molecules of noncoding mRNA that play a key role in gene regulation and are directly involved in the progression and angiogenesis of various tumor types, including breast cancer. Several miRNAs have been described as promoters or suppressors angiogenesis and may be associated with tumor growth and metastasis.

Evaluation of Angiogenesis Process after Metformin and LY294002 Treatment in Mammary Tumor.

Background: The angiogenesis process is regulated by many factors, such as Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Metformin has demonstrated its ability to inhibit cell growth and the LY294002 is the major inhibitor of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway that has antiangiogenic properties.

Methods: Canine mammary tumor cell lines CMT-U229 and CF41 were treated with metformin and LY294002.

Melatonin restrains angiogenic factors in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting miR-152-3p: In vivo and in vitro studies.

Aims: Breast cancer represents the second most prevalent tumor-related cause of death among women. Although studies have already been published regarding the association between breast tumors and miRNAs, this field remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are defined as non-coding RNA molecules, and are known to be involved in cell pathways through the regulation of gene expression.

Inhibition of Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in Response to Treatment with Metformin and Y27632 in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Background: ROCK-1 expression is associated with the malignant character of tumors, while inhibiting this molecule results in a significant suppression of tumor metastasis. Likewise, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is associated with this malignancy by having the ability to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Metformin, a drug used in the treatment of diabetes, has previously been shown to inhibit EMT in breast cancer cells.

Effects of melatonin on HIF-1α and VEGF expression and on the invasive properties of hepatocarcinoma cells.

Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer globally, and the main histological type is hepatocellular carcinoma. This type of neoplasia has a poor prognosis due to a high rate of recurrence and intrahepatic metastasis, which are closely are closely associated with the angiogenic process. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is under the control of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells and increases cell permeability, promoting the growth, spread and metastasis of tumors.

Melatonin decreases breast cancer metastasis by modulating Rho-associated kinase protein-1 expression.

The occurrence of metastasis, an important breast cancer prognostic factor, depends on cell migration/invasion mechanisms, which can be controlled by regulatory and effector molecules such as Rho-associated kinase protein (ROCK-1). Increased expression of this protein promotes tumor growth and metastasis, which can be restricted by ROCK-1 inhibitors. Melatonin has shown oncostatic, antimetastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects and can modulate ROCK-1 expression.

Effect of Curcumin on Pro-angiogenic Factors in the Xenograft Model of Breast Cancer.

The formation of a new blood vessel is stimulated by angiogenic factors. Curcumin, which is the active ingredient of the spice plant Curcuma longa L and is used as food and traditional medicine, has shown anticancer effects against different types of cancers. We evaluated the effects of curcumin on angiogenesis/pro-angiogenic factors in a mouse model of human breast cancer.

Melatonin Regulates Angiogenic Factors under Hypoxia in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation, regulated by a number of pro- and antiangiogenic factors and usually begins in response to hypoxia. Exogenous administration of melatonin has shown numerous anti-tumor effects and appears to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. However, many factors involved in the anti-angiogenic effect of melatonin are still under investigation.

Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in canine malignant mammary tumors.

Mammary tumors are the most common type of tumor in dogs, with approximately half of these tumors being malignant. Hypoxia, characterized by oxygen levels below normal, is a known adverse factor to cancer treatment. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a central regulator of the pathophysiological response of mammalian cells to low oxygen levels.

HET0016, a selective inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis, decreases pro-angiogenic factors and inhibits growth of triple negative breast cancer in mice.

A selective inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis, HET0016, has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis. 20-HETE has been known as a second mitogenic messenger of angiogenesis inducing growth factors. HET0016 effects were analyzed on MDA-MB-231 derived breast cancer in mouse and in vitro cell line.

Evaluation of melatonin treatment in primary culture of canine mammary tumors.

Mammary neoplasias are the most common tumors observed in female dogs. Identification of these tumors is valuable in order to identify beneficial therapeutic agents as alternative treatments for this tumor type. Oral administration of melatonin appears to exert an oncostatic effect on mammary neoplasia and may have a possible mechanism of action through its interaction with estrogen receptors on epithelial cells.

Comparison of the solution of histidine-tryptophan-alfacetoglutarate with histidine-tryptophan-glutamate as cardioplegic agents in isolated rat hearts: an immunohistochemical study.

Introduction: Cardiac arrest during heart surgery is a common procedure and allows the surgeon to perform surgical procedures in an environment free of blood and movement. Using a model of isolated rat heart, the authors compare a new cardioplegic solution containing histidine-tryptophan-glutamate (group 2) with the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate (group 1) routinely used by some cardiac surgeons.

Objective: To assess caspase, IL-8 and KI-67 in isolated rat hearts using immunohistochemistry.

Effect of melatonin on tumor growth and angiogenesis in xenograft model of breast cancer.

As neovascularization is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, controlling angiogenesis is a promising tactic in limiting cancer progression. Melatonin has been studied for their inhibitory properties on angiogenesis in cancer. We performed an in vivo study to evaluate the effects of melatonin treatment on angiogenesis in breast cancer.

Glutathione and glutathione peroxidase expression in breast cancer: an immunohistochemical and molecular study.

The use of prognostic markers for breast cancer allows therapeutic strategies to be defined more efficiently. The expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in tumor cells has been evaluated as a predictor of prognosis and response to cytotoxic treatments. Its immunoexpression was assessed in 63 women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma in a retrospective study.

An immunohistochemical study of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in breast cancer.

The use of prognostic markers for breast cancer is important for routine diagnosis and research. Interleukin-8 is a chemotactic cytokine produced by several cell types in response to inflammation, however, its expression, regulation and function are poorly understood. Recent studies have associated angiogenesis and inflammatory processes with tumor malignancy.