Necrotic Enteritis Caused by in Blue and Gold Macaws ().

types A and C, which are gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria, can cause necrotic enteritis in birds. Although is considered a commensal organism in the avian intestinal tract, in association with severe stress, other infectious agents, or immunosuppressive conditions, it can cause disease outbreaks. This report describes a disease occurrence of necrotic enteritis caused by in macaws ().