Scallop fishing activity characterization in Southern New England: Offshore wind demands and fisheries-dependent methods.

Managers attempt to minimize spatial use conflicts in siting of offshore wind developments, but they must rely on available data to balance biological, commercial, and recreational needs. Marine spatial planning products are only as good as the data they are built upon and fishing data present major challenges due to their confidentiality and the difficulty in isolating true fishing activity. We present a methodology to increase the spatiotemporal resolution of fishing effort and exposure estimates for Southern New England scallop fishing activity using random decision forests to perform supervised classification on AIS data, with fallback to lower resolution datasets for vessels without AIS coverage.

General and anxiety-linked influences of acute serotonin reuptake inhibition on neural responses associated with attended visceral sensation.

Ordinary sensations from inside the body are important causes and consequences of our affective states and behaviour, yet the roles of neurotransmitters in interoceptive processing have been unclear. With a within-subjects design, this experiment tested the impacts of acute increases of endogenous extracellular serotonin on the neural processing of attended internal sensations and the links of these effects to anxiety using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (20 mg CITALOPRAM) and a PLACEBO. Twenty-one healthy volunteers (fourteen female, mean age 23.

Feasibility of unconscious instrumental conditioning: A registered replication.

The extent to which high-level, complex functions can proceed unconsciously has been a topic of considerable debate. While unconscious processing has been demonstrated for a range of low-level processes, from feature integration to simple forms of conditioning and learning, theoretical contributions suggest that increasing complexity requires conscious access. Here, we focus our attention on instrumental conditioning, which has been previously shown to proceed without stimulus awareness.

The functional role of cardiac activity in perception and action.

SKORA, L.I., J.

A single oral dose of citalopram increases interoceptive insight in healthy volunteers.

Rationale: Interoception is the signalling, perception, and interpretation of internal physiological states. Many mental disorders associated with changes of interoception, including depressive and anxiety disorders, are treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, the causative link between SSRIs and interoception is not yet clear.

Awareness is required for autonomic performance monitoring in instrumental learning: Evidence from cardiac activity.

Performance monitoring is a vital aspect of successful learning and decision-making. Performance errors are reflected in the autonomic nervous system, indicating the need for behavioral adjustment. As part of this response, errors cause a pronounced deceleration in heart rate, compared to correct decisions, and precede explicit awareness of stimulus-response outcome contingencies.

COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in the Critical Care Setting.

The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the United States was reported on January 20, 2020. Most infected individuals experience a mild illness with loss of taste and smell, body aches, fatigue, cough, and fever. However, about 5% of patients become critically ill and experience more serious symptoms such as respiratory distress, pulmonary emboli, or even multisystem organ failure.

Approach-Avoidance Decisions Under Threat: The Role of Autonomic Psychophysiological States.

Acutely challenging or threatening situations frequently require approach-avoidance decisions. Acute threat triggers fast autonomic changes that prepare the body to freeze, fight or flee. However, such autonomic changes may also influence subsequent instrumental approach-avoidance decisions.

Selective effects of serotonin on choices to gather more information.

Background: Gathering and evaluating information leads to better decisions, but often at cost. The balance between information seeking and exploitation features in neurodevelopmental, mood, psychotic and substance-related disorders. Serotonin's role has been highlighted by experimental reduction of its precursor, tryptophan.

Emergency preparation and mitigation for COVID-19 response in an integrated pharmacy practice model.

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive report is to share experiences in crisis response planning and risk mitigation at a university health system department of pharmacy with an integrated clinical practice model in the early months of the coronarvirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Summary: The department of pharmacy's COVID-19 pandemic response included successful planning and implementation of measures to maintain pharmacy operations and minimize COVID-19 exposure of patients and staff. These measures included ensuring adequate personnel staffing using flexible staffing solutions, ongoing assessment of supply chain integrity, and continuation of integrated clinical pharmacy services 24/7 throughout the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Pharmacodynamics of Voriconazole for Invasive Pulmonary Scedosporiosis.

is a medically important fungal pathogen that causes a wide range of infections in humans. There are relatively few antifungal agents that are active against spp. Little is known about the pharmacodynamics of voriconazole against Both static and dynamic models of invasive scedosporiosis were developed.

Repurposing and Reformulation of the Antiparasitic Agent Flubendazole for Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis, a Neglected Fungal Disease.

Current therapeutic options for cryptococcal meningitis are limited by toxicity, global supply, and emergence of resistance. There is an urgent need to develop additional antifungal agents that are fungicidal within the central nervous system and preferably orally bioavailable. The benzimidazoles have broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity but also have antifungal activity that includes Flubendazole (a benzimidazole) has been reformulated by Janssen Pharmaceutica as an amorphous solid drug nanodispersion to develop an orally bioavailable medicine for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases such as onchocerciasis.

Group Living and Male Dispersal Predict the Core Gut Microbiome in Wild Baboons.

The mammalian gut microbiome plays a profound role in the physiology, metabolism, and overall health of its host. However, biologists have only a nascent understanding of the forces that drive inter-individual heterogeneity in gut microbial composition, especially the role of host social environment. Here we used 178 samples from 78 wild yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) living in two social groups to test how host social context, including group living, social interactions within groups, and transfer between social groups (e.

Pharmacodynamics of the Novel Antifungal Agent F901318 for Acute Sinopulmonary Aspergillosis Caused by Aspergillus flavus.

Background: Aspergillus flavus is one of the most common agents of invasive aspergillosis and is associated with high mortality. The orotomides are a new class of antifungal agents with a novel mechanism of action. An understanding of the pharmacodynamics (PD) of the lead compound F901318 is required to plan safe and effective regimens for clinical use.

Pharmacodynamics of the Orotomides against : New Opportunities for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Fungal Disease.

F901318 is an antifungal agent with a novel mechanism of action and potent activity against spp. An understanding of the pharmacodynamics (PD) of F901318 is required for selection of effective regimens for study in phase II and III clinical trials. Neutropenic murine and rabbit models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis were used.

Experimental Models of Short Courses of Liposomal Amphotericin B for Induction Therapy for Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is a rapidly lethal infection in immunocompromised patients. Induction regimens are usually administered for 2 weeks. The shortest effective period of induction therapy with liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB) is unknown.

Ovarian cycling and reproductive state shape the vaginal microbiota in wild baboons.

Background: The vaginal microbiome is an important site of bacterial-mammalian symbiosis. This symbiosis is currently best characterized for humans, where lactobacilli dominate the microbial community and may help defend women against infectious disease. However, lactobacilli do not dominate the vaginal microbiota of any other mammal studied to date, raising key questions about the forces that shape the vaginal microbiome in non-human mammals.

F901318 represents a novel class of antifungal drug that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.

There is an important medical need for new antifungal agents with novel mechanisms of action to treat the increasing number of patients with life-threatening systemic fungal disease and to overcome the growing problem of resistance to current therapies. F901318, the leading representative of a novel class of drug, the orotomides, is an antifungal drug in clinical development that demonstrates excellent potency against a broad range of dimorphic and filamentous fungi. In vitro susceptibility testing of F901318 against more than 100 strains from the four main pathogenic spp.

Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for CoNS infection: experimental basis for optimal use of vancomycin in neonates.

Objectives: CoNS are the most common cause of neonatal late-onset sepsis. Information on the vancomycin pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics against CoNS is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize vancomycin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships for CoNS and investigate neonatal optimal dosage regimens.

Pharmacodynamics of Isavuconazole in a Dynamic In Vitro Model of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Isavuconazonium sulfate is a novel triazole prodrug that has been recently approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis by the FDA. The active moiety (isavuconazole) has a broad spectrum of activity against many pathogenic fungi. This study utilized a dynamic in vitro model of the human alveolus to describe the pharmacodynamics of isavuconazole against two wild-type and two previously defined azole-resistant isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Abundance and activity of vinyl chloride (VC)-oxidizing bacteria in a dilute groundwater VC plume biostimulated with oxygen and ethene.

Clean-up of vinyl chloride (VC)-contaminated groundwater could be enhanced by stimulating aerobic VC-oxidizing bacterial populations (e.g., methanotrophs) with amendments such as molecular oxygen.

Local-global overlap in diversity informs mechanisms of bacterial biogeography.

Spatial variation in environmental conditions and barriers to organism movement are thought to be important factors for generating endemic species, thus enhancing global diversity. Recent microbial ecology research suggested that the entire diversity of bacteria in the global oceans could be recovered at a single site, thus inferring a lack of bacterial endemism. We argue this is not the case in the global ocean, but might be in other bacterial ecosystems with higher dispersal rates and lower global diversity, like the human gut.

Plasma fluoride level as a predictor of voriconazole-induced periostitis in patients with skeletal pain.

Background: Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal medication used for prophylaxis or to treat invasive fungal infections. Inflammation of the periosteum resulting in skeletal pain, known as periostitis, is a reported side effect of long-term voriconazole therapy. The trifluorinated molecular structure of voriconazole suggests a possible link between excess fluoride and periostitis, as elevated blood fluoride has been reported among patients with periostitis who received voriconazole.

An invertebrate model to evaluate virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus: the role of azole resistance.

The impact of different mutations in the Aspergillus fumigatus ergosterol biosynthesis pathway on pathogenesis has been evaluated using a simple invertebrate mini host, the caterpillar Galleria mellonella. A set of strains that includes clinical isolates and isogenic mutants with mutations at the cyp51A gene conferring azole resistance were studied. All strains demonstrated a similar in vitro growth pattern and are equally virulent against the insect larvae.