Chiglitazar diminishes the warburg effect through PPARγ/mTOR/PKM2 and increases the sensitivity of imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Background: A tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) such as Imatinib (IM) is the preferred treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). However, the emergence of IM resistance presents a significant challenge to disease management. A characteristic of cancer cells, including IM-resistant CMLs, are characterized by heightened uptake of glucose and aberrant glycolysis in the cytosol, which is known as the Warburg effect.

Enhancing the production of poly-γ-glutamate in ZJS18 by the heat- and osmotic shock and its mechanism.

Poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA) is a natural macromolecule peptide, and is widely used in the food, medicine, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, heat- and osmotic shock were used to improve the production of γ-PGA in ZJS18, and its molecular mechanism was explored. The results indicated that the heat- and osmotic shock significantly promoted the production of γ-PGA owing to the stress response of cells to adverse environment.