[Research Progress of Iron Metabolism in Disease Progression and Drug Resistance of Multiple Myeloma--Review].

Iron metabolism is involved in the development and drug resistance of many malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Based on recent studies on iron metabolism and MM, this paper reviews the relationship between iron metabolism and disease process of MM in terms of iron overload leading to ferroptosis in MM cells, the role of iron deficiency in oxidative respiration and proliferation of MM cells, and the interaction between ferroptosis and autophagy in the disease process. The mechanisms by which iron metabolism-related substances lead to MM cells' resistance to proteasome inhibitors (PI) through inducing redox imbalance and M2 macrophage polarization are also briefly described, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the application of iron metabolism-related drugs to the clinical treatment of MM patients.

Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors in multiple myeloma: promote or inhibit?

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), especially for tumor invasion and osteolytic osteopathy. By breaking down extracellular matrix (ECM) components and releasing the proteins composing the ECM and growth factors, as well as their receptors, MMPs affect tissue integrity and promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis. A vital pathophysiological characteristic of MM is the progress of osteolytic lesions, which are brought on by interactions between myeloma cells and the bone marrow microenvironment.

Rational design of intergrowth P2/O3 biphasic layered structure with reversible anionic redox chemistry and structural evolution for Na-ions batteries.

Layered oxides have attracted unprecedented attention for their outstanding performance in sodium-ion battery cathodes. Among them, the two typical candidates P2 and O3 type materials generally demonstrate large diversities in specific capacity and cycling endurance with their advantages. Thus, composite materials that contain both P2 and O3 have been widely designed and constructed.

A narrative review for platelets and their RNAs in cancers: New concepts and clinical perspectives.

Recent years have witnessed a growing body of evidence suggesting that platelets are involved in several stages of the metastatic process via direct or indirect interactions with cancer cells, contributing to the progression of neoplastic malignancies. Cancer cells can dynamically exchange components with platelets in and out of blood vessels, and directly phagocytose platelets to hijack their proteome, transcriptome, and secretome, or be remotely regulated by metabolites or microparticles released by platelets, resulting in phenotypic, genetic, and functional modifications. Moreover, platelet interactions with stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment lead to alterations in their components, including the ribonucleic acid (RNA) profile, and complicate the impact of platelets on cancers.

Gut microbiome in multiple myeloma: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications.

The gut commensal microbes modulate human immunity and metabolism through the production of a large number of metabolites, which act as signaling molecules and substrates of metabolic reactions in a diverse range of biological processes. There is a growing appreciation for the importance of immunometabolic mechanisms of the host-gut microbiota interactions in various malignant tumors. Emerging studies have suggested intestinal microbiota contributes to the progression of multiple myeloma.

Complementary advantages of spent pot lining and coal gangue in the detoxification and valuable components recovery process.

As a hazardous solid waste rich in carbon and fluorine, spent pot lining (SPL) is a huge threat to sustainable production and environmental security. As abundant carbon and fluorine resources, the use of such valuable components has great practical and economic significance. Based on the environmental concerns and the component characteristics of SPL, coal gangue (CG), the largest output of solid wastes in the coal-producing industry and rich in aluminum and silicon, was introduced in the utilization and detoxification process of SPL in this work.

[Clinical Role of M Protein in Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma --Review].

M protein is often expressed in multiple myeloma and also can be detected in several lymphoma such as Waldenstrm macroglobulinaemia. M protein level can reflect the malignant degree and even genetic abnormality of multiple myeloma and lymphoma to some extent to predict the progress of the diseases, and the therapeutic response and prognosis of the disease can be evaluated by monitoring the M protein level and its change degree. This article reviews the role of M protein in the progression and prognosis of multiple myeloma and lymphoma, and discusses the differences in M protein expression between multiple myeloma and lymphoma, in order to provide new insights for clinical diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of therapeutic effect.

Stabilization of Multicationic Redox Chemistry in Polyanionic Cathode by Increasing Entropy.

Polyanionic compounds have large compositional flexibility, which creates a growing interest in exploring the property limits of electrode materials of rechargeable batteries. The realization of multisodium storage in the polyanionic electrodes can significantly improve capacity of the materials, but it often causes irreversible capacity loss and crystal phase evolution, especially under high-voltage operation, which remain important challenges for their application. Herein, it is shown that the multisodium storage in the polyanionic cathode can be enhanced and stabilized by increasing the entropy of the polyanionic host structure.

Heteroatom-Substituted P2-NaNiMgMnO Cathode with {010} Exposing Facets Boost Anionic Activity and High-Rate Performance for Na-Ion Batteries.

As an attractive cathode candidate for sodium-ion batteries, P2-type NaNiMnO is famous for its high stability in humid air, attractive capacity, and high operating voltage. However, the low Na transport kinetics, oxygen-redox reactions, and irreversible structural evolution at high-voltage areas hinder its practical application. Herein, a comprehensive study of a microbar P2-type NiNiMgMnO material with {010} facets is presented, which exhibits high reversibility of structural evolution and anionic redox activity, leading to outstanding rate capability and cyclability.

[Research Progress of Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer in the Development of Hematological Malignant Tumors --Review].

In recent years, studies have found that mitochondrial transfer between leukemic cells and different types of cells in their bone marrow microenvironment, especially mesenchymal stem cells, plays a key role in the occurrence, development and drug resistance of hematological malignant tumors. This paper mainly introduces the role and latest research progress of mitochondrial transfer in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma, and briefly describes the mechanism of drug resistance caused by mitochondrial transfer in leukemic cells during chemotherapy. The aim is to provide a new idea and theoretical basis for using intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a potential therapeutic target.

Boosting potassium-storage performance via confining highly dispersed molybdenum dioxide nanoparticles within N-doped porous carbon nano-octahedrons.

The development of durable and stable metal oxide anodes for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) has been hampered by poor electrochemical performance and ambiguous reaction mechanisms. Herein, we design and fabricate molybdenum dioxide (MoO)@N-doped porous carbon (NPC) nano-octahedrons through metal-organic frameworks derived strategy for PIBs with MoO nanoparticles confined within NPC nano-octahedrons. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of nanoparticle level of MoO and N-doped carbon porous nano-octahedrons, the MoO@NPC electrode exhibits superior electron/ion transport kinetics, excellent structural integrity, and impressive potassium-ion storage performance with enhanced cyclic stability and high-rate capability.

Circulating miRNAs as Auxiliary Diagnostic Biomarkers for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Recommendations.

Unlabelled: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by aberrant expansion of monoclonal plasma cells with high mortality and severe complications due to the lack of early diagnosis and timely treatment. Circulating miRNAs have shown potential in the diagnosis of MM with inconsistent results, which remains to be fully assessed. Here we updated a meta-analysis with relative studies and essays published in English before Jan 31, 2021.

Stabilizing Na metal anode with NaF interface on spent cathode carbon from aluminum electrolysis.

We report the synthesis of spent cathode carbon (SCC) with a NaF interface from aluminum electrolysis, and its application as a Na metal anode host. The SCC anode exhibits superior ion conductivity and a high shear modulus. The natural NaF interface on the SCC anode can regulate Na+ transmission and inhibit dendrite growth.

On-line optical clearing method for whole-brain imaging in mice.

The combination of optical clearing with light microscopy has a number of applications in the whole-brain imaging of mice. However, the initial processing time of optical clearing is time consuming, and the protocol is complicated. We propose a novel method based on on-line optical clearing.

Co-treatment of spent cathode carbon in caustic and acid leaching process under ultrasonic assisted for preparation of SiC.

Spent cathode carbon (SCC) from aluminum electrolysis has been treated in ultrasonic-assisted caustic leaching and acid leaching process, and purified SCC used as carbon source to synthesize silicon carbide (SiC) was investigated. Chemical and mineralogical properties have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). Various experimental factors temperature, time, liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic power, and initial concentration of alkali or acid affecting on SCC leaching result were studied.

Superheated water pretreatment combined with CO activation/regeneration of the exhausted activated carbon used in the treatment of industrial wastewater.

This paper examines a novel method of regenerating saturated activated carbon after adsorption of complex phenolic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with low energy consumption by using superheated water pretreatment combined with CO activation. The effects of the temperature of the superheated water, liquid-solid ratio, soaking time, activation temperature, activation time, and CO flow rate of regeneration and adsorption of coal-powdered activated carbon (CPAC) were studied. The results show that the adsorption capacity of iodine values on CPAC recovers to 102.

Comparison of ultrasound-assisted and traditional caustic leaching of spent cathode carbon (SCC) from aluminum electrolysis.

The spent cathode carbon (SCC) from aluminum electrolysis was subjected to caustic leaching to investigate the different effects of ultrasound-assisted and traditional methods on element fluorine (F) leaching rate and leaching residue carbon content. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolved in deionized water was used as the reaction system. Through single-factor experiments and a comparison of two leaching techniques, the optimum F leaching rate and residue carbon content for ultrasound-assisted leaching process were obtained at a temperature of 70°C, residue time of 40min, initial mass ratio of alkali to SCC (initial alkali-to-material ratio) of 0.