Full-coverage estimation of CO concentrations in China via multisource satellite data and Deep Forest model.

Monitoring China's carbon dioxide (CO) concentration is essential for formulating effective carbon cycle policies to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality. Despite insufficient satellite observation coverage, this study utilizes high-resolution spatiotemporal data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2), supplemented with various auxiliary datasets, to estimate full-coverage, monthly, column-averaged carbon dioxide (XCO) values across China from 2015 to 2022 at a spatial resolution of 0.05° via the deep forest model.