An efficient approach to utilize copper smelting slag: Separating nonferrous metals and reducing iron oxide at high temperature.

Over 50 million tons of copper slag are produced worldwide annually. Stacking is currently the primary method used to treat copper slag, resulting in resource wastage and environmental issues. Using slag as a raw material in the steel industry is areasonablesolution.

Generation, utilization, and environmental impact of ladle furnace slag: A minor review.

More than 20 million tons of ladle furnace slag are produced annually. This slag is mainly treated by stockpiling; however, stacking results in dust and heavy metal pollution. Utilizing this slag as a resource can reduce primary resource consumption and eliminate pollution.