Perioperative pulmonary aspiration and regurgitation without aspiration in adults: a retrospective observational study of 166,491 anesthesia records.

Background: Pulmonary aspiration (PA) of gastric contents is a rare but serious perioperative complication. Recent studies focused on pediatric patients, but over a decade has passed since the latest incidence and outcome in adult population have been reported. Patients who experienced regurgitation without aspiration were rarely mentioned.

Exosomal miR-409-3p secreted from activated mast cells promotes microglial migration, activation and neuroinflammation by targeting Nr4a2 to activate the NF-κB pathway.

Objective: Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in central nervous system diseases. Exosomal miRNAs released from various cells are implicated in cell-to-cell communication. Prior studies have placed substantial emphasis on the role of cytokines in mast cell-microglia interactions during neuroinflammation.

Correction: miR-1260b, mediated by YY1, activates KIT signaling by targeting SOCS6 to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in NSCLC.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-1260b promotes cell invasion through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma.

Increasing evidence confirms that exosome-mediated transfer of microRNAs can influence cancer progression including tumor cell invasion, cell proliferation, and drug resistance via cell-cell communication. However, the potential role of exosomal-miR-1260b in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) remains poorly understood. Thus, this study focused on investigating the function of exosomal-miR-1260b on cell invasion.

miR-1260b, mediated by YY1, activates KIT signaling by targeting SOCS6 to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in NSCLC.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common aggressive malignancies. miRNAs have been identified as important biomarkers and regulators of NSCLC. However, the functional contributions of miR-1260b to NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis have not been studied.

Propofol attenuation of hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells involves aldose reductase.

Propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent with antioxidant/antiapoptotic properties. Aldose reductase (AR) has been implicated in oxidative stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells. AR inhibition may protect cells from cardiovascular injury.

Prophylactic lithium alleviates splenectomy-induced cognitive dysfunction possibly by inhibiting hippocampal TLR4 activation in aged rats.

Though the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remains unclear, evidence is accumulating for a pivotal role of neuroinflammation in the disease process. Advanced age and severe surgical trauma are two main risk factors for POCD. Lithium, a neuroprotective agent, can alleviate peripheral surgery-induced memory impairment in aged rats.

S100A8 contributes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in mice undergoing tibial fracture surgery by activating the TLR4/MyD88 pathway.

Neuro-inflammation plays a key role in the occurrence and development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Although S100A8 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) have been increasingly recognized to contribute to neuro-inflammation, little is known about the interaction between S100A8 and TLR4/MyD88 signaling in the process of systemic inflammation that leads to neuro-inflammation. Firstly, we demonstrated that C57BL/6 wide-type mice exhibit cognitive deficit 24h after the tibial fracture surgery.