Impact of IL-32 gene polymorphisms on tuberculosis susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.

Objective: Interleukin (IL)-32, encoded by the IL-32 gene, is a crucial constituent of the autophagy pathway and is involved in the regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection, a major global health challenge. This study aimed to examine the potential association between IL-32 polymorphisms and susceptibility to Tuberculosis(TB), highlighting the significance of genetic factors in TB risk.

CHAMP: A Centrifugal Microfluidics-Based CRISPR/Cas12b-Combined Real-Time LAMP One-Pot Method for Infection Diagnosis.

The outbreak poses health risks to community residents. However, it still has limitations for current clinical diagnostic methods (qPCR nucleic acid assay or IgM immunoassay), including specialized handling, expensive equipment, prolonged turnaround time, and false positives and negatives, highlighting the need to improve clinical diagnostic methods. Herein, we present a novel centrifugal microfluidics-based method for rapidly diagnosing infections (CHAMP system).

Cytotoxic Lymphocyte-Monocyte Complex Reflects the Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Systemic Immune Response.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes a variety of clinical manifestations, many of which originate from altered immune responses, either locally or systemically. Immune cell cross-talk occurs mainly in lymphoid organs. However, systemic cell interaction specific to coronavirus disease 2019 has not been well characterized.

hijacks host macrophages-derived interleukin 16 to block phagolysosome maturation for enhancing intracellular growth.

The discovery of promising cytokines and clarification of their immunological mechanisms in controlling the intracellular fate of (Mtb) are necessary to identify effective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. To escape immune clearance, Mtb can manipulate and inhibit the normal host process of phagosome maturation. Phagosome maturation arrest by Mtb involves multiple effectors and much remains unknown about this important aspect of Mtb pathogenesis.

Using Vitek MS v3.0 To Identify Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Liquid Media in a Clinical Microbiology Laboratory.

Recently, the incidence of diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing worldwide, especially in immunocompromised patients and those with potential chronic lung disease. Vitek MS v3.0 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a rapid and reliable method for identifying mycobacteria in clinical laboratories.

Hybrid CuO/TiO Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Antibacterial Activity toward .

The hybrid CuO-TiO photocatalytic composite with a p-n heterojunction was synthesized by the supercritical solvothermal route. The uniformly distributed CuO was stably combined with TiO to benefit the increase of the specific surface area, the harvesting of visible light, and the separation of photogenerated holes and electrons. As a result, photocatalytic inactivation of under visible-light irradiation was facilitated.

Polymorphism in the EREG gene confers susceptibility to tuberculosis.

Background: Host genetic factors affect the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection as well as the progression of the disease. Epiregulin (EREG) belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, which binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to regulate the immune response of the host during infections. Our study aimed to compare EREG levels in tuberculosis (TB) patients and healthy controls and assess whether polymorphisms in EREG increase the risk of TB.

Synergistic Photocatalytic-Photothermal Contribution to Antibacterial Activity in BiOI-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites.

The threat of environmental microbial contamination to the health of human beings has drawn particular attention. In order to explore the synergistic effect of photocatalytic and photothermal process to the antibacterial property, a stably combined BiOI-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite was constructed and prepared through a facile solvothermal method. BiOI crystals were uniformly distributed on the GO nanosheets by the formation of the Bi-C bond.

Evaluation of the VITEK MS knowledge base version 3.0 for the identification of clinically relevant Mycobacterium species.

Different Mycobacterium spp. infections may indicate varied treatment regimens in the clinic. Thus, the species-level identification of Mycobacterium spp.

Rapid detection of mutations in erm(41) and rrl associated with clarithromycin resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus complex by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.

Clarithromycin resistance is increasing dramatically among Mycobacterium abscessus complex. The main resistance mechanisms are mutations in the erm(41) and rrl genes. Here we report PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) as an alternative method for rapidly detection of mutations in erm(41) and rrl among M.

Relationship between Antibiotic Susceptibility and Genotype in Clinical Isolates.

This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance related genotypes of . One hundred sixty-two clinical isolates were collected. Genomic data were obtained by whole genome sequencing.

Antigens Rv0310c and Rv1255c are promising novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

This study aimed to identify novel immunogenic epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that could be used in tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. To determine the diagnostic potential of mycobacterial antigens in serodiagnosis of TB, 256 patients were enrolled in a study and divided into two groups: 126 smear-positive pulmonary TB patients (SPPT) and 130 smear-negative pulmonary TB patients (SNPT); 152 bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy people were used as a control. Murine results showed that antigens Rv0310c-E from RD 8 and Rv1255c-E from RD 10 were strongly immunogenic to Th1 cells and induced a great humoral response.

Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Hepcidin Promoter Gene with Susceptibility to Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis.

Background: Hepcidin is a 25-amino acid peptide produced by the liver in response to inflammation and iron overload. It is encoded by the hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (HAMP) gene and plays a key role in innate immunity. Previous studies have reported that a -582 A>G polymorphism in the HAMP promoter (HAMP-P) affects hepcidin expression, causing susceptibility to various bacterial and viral pathogens.

Polymorphisms in the prostaglandin receptor EP2 gene confers susceptibility to tuberculosis.

Objectives: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important lipid mediator of the inflammatory immune response during acute and chronic infections. PGE2 modulates a variety of immune functions via four receptors (EP1-EP4), which mediate distinct PGE2 effects. Mice lacking EP2 are more susceptible to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.

Evaluation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Mycobacterium abscessus Subspecies According to Whole-Genome Sequencing.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry with the Vitek MS Plus system for identifying Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies in order to facilitate more rapid and appropriate therapy. A total of 175 clinical M. abscessus strains were identified by whole-genome sequencing analysis: 139 Mycobacterium abscessus subsp.

Characterization of Mycobacterium Abscessus Subtypes in Shanghai of China: Drug Sensitivity and Bacterial Epidemicity as well as Clinical Manifestations.

The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemic characteristics of Mycobacterium abscessus in Shanghai.Fifty-five strains from 55 M. abscessus pulmonary disease patients were isolated.

Tree-in-bud pattern of chest CT images for diagnosis of Mycobacterium abscesses.

Objectives: Changes of chest CT images in Mycobacterium and non-Mycobacterium abscesses in patients with lung disease were with a view to making an early diagnosis.

Methods: 124 primary patients diagnosed with non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium infections with a positive sputum acid-fast smear were enrolled in this retrospective study. CT images and clinical data of these patients were analyzed.

PPE26 induces TLR2-dependent activation of macrophages and drives Th1-type T-cell immunity by triggering the cross-talk of multiple pathways involved in the host response.

The pathophysiological functions and the underlying molecular basis of PE /PPE proteins of M. tuberculosis remain largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the link between PPE26 and host response.

A novel recombinant BCG-expressing pro-apoptotic protein BAX enhances Th1 protective immune responses in mice.

One-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The protective efficacy of bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) in adults is highly controversial even though the BCG vaccine has been available for more than 90 years. Because BCG is effective against infantile tuberculosis meningitis and miliary tuberculosis in young children and provides cost-effective prevention from tuberculosis for developing countries, it would be desirable to modify the existing BCG vaccine to provide more comprehensive protection.

Efflux pump overexpression in conjunction with alternation of outer membrane protein may induce Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to imipenem.

Background: To investigate the role of outer membrane proteins in Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to imipenem, 2 strains were procured from the same patient.

Methods: The imipenem-resistant strain was obtained following a period of imipenem treatment in vivo. The multilocus sequence typing and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR results indicated that the imipenem-resistant strain originated from the sensitive one.