Effect of reduced flaxseed cyclic peptide [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2 (CLB) and its oxidized form on the oxidative stability of flaxseed oil.

This study aimed to explore the antioxidant capacity and mechanism of cyclic peptide [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2 (CLB) and its oxidized form ([1-9-NαC],[1-MetO]-linusorb B2 (CLC),[1-9-NαC],[1-MetO2]-linusorb B2 (CLK)) in flaxseed oil (FSO). The results showed that CLB delayed the oxidation of FSO (containing Cu) in the initial stage of accelerated oxidation, whereas CLK accelerated the oxidation, leading to an increase of 25 % in AV and 33 % in POV (P < 0.05).

Protective effect of vitexin against high fat-induced vascular endothelial inflammation through inhibiting trimethylamine -oxide-mediated RNA m6A modification.

A high-fat diet (HFD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the specific effects of a HFD on vascular inflammation and the protective role of vitexin, a bioactive compound derived from food, require further research. This study investigated the protective effects of vitexin intervention against HFD-induced vascular inflammation and its underlying mechanism.

Non-oxidized and oxidized flaxseed orbitides differently induce HepG2 cell apoptosis: involvement of cellular uptake and membrane death receptor DR4.

Background: Flaxseed orbitides have health-promoting properties, particularly potent anti-cancer activity. However, flaxseed orbitides containing a methionine structure, such as [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2 (CLB), are easily oxidized to sulfoxide ([1-9-NαC],[1-Rs,Ss-MetO]-linusorb-B2 (CLC)) and sulfone ([1-9-NαC], [1-MetO]-linusorb B2 (CLK)), with CLC having less anti-cancer ability than CLB. It is unclear why oxidized flaxseed orbitides are less effective against cancer than non-oxidized flaxseed orbitide.

Structural characterization and calcium absorption-promoting effect of sucrose-calcium chelate in Caco-2 monolayer cells and mice.

Sucrose emerges as a chelating agent to form a stable sucrose-metal-ion chelate that can potentially improve metal-ion absorption. This study aimed to analyze the structure of sucrose-calcium chelate and its potential to promote calcium absorption in both Caco-2 monolayer cells and mice. The characterization results showed that calcium ions mainly chelated with hydroxyl groups in sucrose to produce sucrose-calcium chelate, altering the crystal structure of sucrose (forming polymer particles) and improving its thermal stability.

Protective Effect of Vitexin Against IL-17-Induced Vascular Endothelial Inflammation Through Keap1/Nrf2-Dependent Signaling Pathway.

Scope: Vitexin, a C-glycosylated flavonoid, is abundant in food sources and has potential health-beneficial properties. However, the targets for its beneficial effects remain largely unknown. This study aims to establish an in vitro cell model of vascular low-grade inflammation and explore the antiinflammatory mechanism of vitexin.

1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol: Structure-function relationship, triacylglycerols preparation, nutrition value.

Based on multivariate statistics, this review compared major triacylglycerols (TAGs) in animal milk and human milk fat from China and other countries. Human milk fat differs from animal milk fat in that it has longer acyl chains and higher concentrations of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (O-P-O) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (O-P-L). O-P-L is a significant and distinct TAG in human milk fat, particularly in China.

The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Main Carotenoids from Tomatoes via Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are crucial factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In previous research, the oxidative stress and inflammation models have frequently been explored independently. In the current study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of tomato extract and its two main carotenoids (lutein and lycopene) with various concentrations using a rat cardiomyocyte model of co-existing oxidative stress and persistent chronic inflammation.

Identification of OLA1 as a Novel Protein Target of Vitexin to Ameliorate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis with Tissue Thermal Proteome Profiling.

Vitexin, which exists in various medicinal plants and food sources, has recently received increasing attention because of its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to identify the protein target of vitexin that ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The results showed that vitexin not only alleviated the clinical symptoms and colonic damage in mice with DSS-induced colitis but also suppressed the colonic production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM, and VCAM) and enhanced the expression of barrier-associated proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and E-cadherin).

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Critical Review on Structure, Preparation, Their Potential as a Food Bioactive Component, and Future Perspectives.

Human milk is the gold standard for infant feeding. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a unique group of oligosaccharides in human milk. Great interest in HMOs has grown in recent years due to their positive effects on various aspects of infant health.

Comparative Analysis of Protein Digestion Characteristics in Human, Cow, Goat, Sheep, Mare, and Camel Milk under Simulated Infant Condition.

An infant in vitro digestion model was utilized to investigate protein digestion characteristics in human and diverse mammalian milk (i.e., cow, goat, sheep, mare, and camel milk) using electrophoresis and chromatography.

Structural Characterization of Zinc-Sucrose Complex and Its Ability to Promote Zinc Absorption in Caco-2 Monolayer Cells and Mice.

Sucrose emerges as a metal-ion chelating agent with excellent stability that may increase metal-ion absorption. This study aimed to characterize the structure of zinc-sucrose complex and investigate its ability to promote zinc absorption in Caco-2 monolayer cells and mice. Based on the results of the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-ES), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it can be inferred that zinc and sucrose were chelated at a 1:1 ratio, with the hydroxyl groups playing a significant role.

Synergistic protection of quercetin and lycopene against oxidative stress via SIRT1-Nox4-ROS axis in HUVEC cells.

Oxidative stress is a potential factor in the promotion of endothelial dysfunction. In this research, flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin) combined with carotenoids (lycopene, lutein), especially quercetin-lycopene combination (molar ratio 5:1), prevented the oxidative stress in HUVEC cells by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressing the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), a major source of ROS production. RNA-seq analysis indicated quercetin-lycopene combination downregulated inflammatory genes induced by HO, such as IL-17 and NF-κB.

The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids from Propolis via Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways.

Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that propolis possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the main flavonoids of propolis (chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, and pinobanksin) and propolis extract were researched.

Inhibition mechanism of oligopeptides from soft-shelled turtle egg against α-glucosidase and their gastrointestinal digestive properties.

Peptides derived from egg protein hydrolysate have potential hypoglycemic benefits by inhibiting α-glucosidase. Herein, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking were performed to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibitory mechanism of the oligopeptides ARDASVLK and HNKPEVEVR from soft-shelled turtle eggs. Gastrointestinal digestion characteristics of the two oligopeptides were further determined by LC-QTOF-MS/MS.

The Structure Basis of Phytochemicals as Metabolic Signals for Combating Obesity.

The consumption of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, has been demonstrated to ameliorate obesity and related metabolic symptoms by regulating specific metabolic pathways. This review summarizes the progress made in our understanding of the potential of phytochemicals as metabolic signals: we discuss herein selected molecular mechanisms which are involved in the occurrence of obesity that may be regulated by phytochemicals. The focus of our review highlights the regulation of transcription factors toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and regulation of microRNAs (miRNA).

Polysaccharides from soybean residue fermented by alleviate DSS-induced gut barrier damage and microbiota disturbance in mice.

Soluble polysaccharides derived from microbial fermentation of agricultural by-products were considered as potential functional ingredients, primarily having probiotic properties. Herein, soluble polysaccharides (FSRP) were isolated from soybean residue fermented by , and FSRP mainly contained rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, mannose, glucose, and galactose, according to GC-MS analysis. To further investigate the protective effect of FSRP against colitis, dextran sulfate sodium induction (DSS)-treated mice were orally gavaged with FSRP (200 mg kg d) or inulin (400 mg kg d, a positive control) for 7 d.

Combining and approaches to identify endogenous hypoglycemic peptides from human milk.

Potential endogenous hypoglycemic peptides derived from breast milk were screened by approaches against intestinal glucose absorption- and metabolism-related membrane proteins (, SGLT1, ATPase, and GPR40), and their inhibitory effects on glucose uptake were compared using the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell model. A total of 762 endogenous peptides were obtained from breast milk, and 5 peptides (YPFVEPIPYGFL, LLNQELLLNPTHQIYPV, SPTIPFFDPQIPK, QHWSYGLRPG, and YPVTQPLAPVHNPIS) were shortlisted based on PeptideRanker and HPEPDOCK scores. Further flow cytometer analysis of 2-NBDG uptake showed the remarkable ability of these five peptides to inhibit glucose uptake, in particular YPVTQPLAPVHNPIS.

Interaction between Flavonoids and Carotenoids on Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Cellular Uptake in Different Cells.

Flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin) and carotenoids (lycopene, lutein) were combined at different molecular ratios in a total concentration of 8 μM to investigate their antioxidant interactions. Cellular uptake of carotenoids, the expression of carotenoid transporters, the ROS scavenging ability, and antioxidant enzymes activities were compared in HUVEC, Caco-2, and L-02 cells. Combinations with flavonoids in the majority showed stronger antioxidant activity.

The immunomodulatory effects of ginsenoside derivative Rh2-O on splenic lymphocytes in H22 tumor-bearing mice is partially mediated by TLR4.

Purpose: Previously, we reported the octyl ester derivative of ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2-O) had better antitumor and immunomodulatory effects than Rh2 in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, this study further explored the effects of Rh2-O on splenic lymphocytes in H22 tumor-bearing mice and the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Wild type and Tlr4 mice were selected to establish the H22 tumor-bearing mice model.

Nutritional composition and proteomic analysis of soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) egg and identification of oligopeptides with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

This study aimed to explore nutritional compositions and proteomics of soft-shelled turtle (SST) egg, as well as identify potential antidiabetic oligopeptides with α-glucosidase inhibitory property. Results revealed that SST egg is a promising source of highly nutritious proteins and minerals (54.64% and 5.

Stability comparison of four lipases and catalytic mechanism during the synthesis of 1,3-di-oleic-2-medium chain triacylglycerols in a trace water-in-oil system: Experimental analyses and computational simulations.

In the present study, a kind of structured lipids, namely 1,3-di-oleic-2-medium chain (OMO) triacylglycerols, were synthesized through lipase-catalyzed reactions using coconut oil and rapeseed acid as materials in a trace water-in-oil system. Experimental analysis and computational simulations were undertaken to compare the stability of four lipases including Lipozyme RMIM, Lipozyme TLIM, Novozym 435, and Aspergillus oryzae immobilized lipase (AOIM), and illustrate catalytic mechanism of Novozym 435 during the synthesis of OMO. Fourier transform infrared and molecular dynamics simulation results demonstrated that a decrease in ordered structure (α-helix and β-sheet) led to a reduction in enzyme activity.

A polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen alleviates microbiota dysbiosis to improve intestinal barrier function in antibiotic-treated mice.

Antibiotics are the most commonly used clinical drugs for anti-infection, but they can also destroy normal microorganisms and cause intestinal barrier dysfunction. To elucidate the effects and mechanism of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen (WFPP) on intestinal barrier integrity in antibiotic-treated mice, BALB/c mice were exposed to a broad-spectrum antibiotic (ceftriaxone) or not (control), and were administered low-, medium- and high-dose WFFP (100 mg kg, 200 mg kg and 400 mg kg, respectively) daily by oral gavage for 3 weeks. Mice treated with ceftriaxone displayed symptoms of growth retardation, atrophy of immune organs including thymus and spleen, increased gut permeability, and intestinal barrier damage, which were restored after intervention with WFFP at different doses.