Stable lithium metal anode enabled by formation of a LiN/Li-Bi alloy hybrid layer.

A hybrid protective layer containing a LiN and Li-Bi alloy is fabricated on a Li-metal anode as an artificial SEI layer to guide dendrite-free Li deposition. Noteworthily, the hybrid interface could not only facilitate homogeneous Li plating but also provide rapid Li transportation, enabling a long-term stability of ∼2400 h at 0.5 mA cm with a low steady overpotential of 10 mV.