[Diphtheritic polyneuropathy: clinico-morphologic study].

18 patients with grave DP treated with a long-term artificial pulmonary ventilation and feeding through a naso-gastric probe were studied. Biopsies of n. suralis taken at different periods after the appearance of the first signs of DP (from the 19th to the 69th day) were studied at light and electronic microscopy.

[The Guillain-Barré syndrome].

A clinicomorphological study was conducted in 11 patients with severe forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) at different periods of the disease. Five postmortem cases of GBS were investigated. In all the cases there was a multifocal loss of myelin in the peripheral nervous system with axon degeneration of various degree.

[Pathologic aspects of disorders of cerebral circulation in arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis].

1500 lethal cases of apoplexy have been analyzed. The site, morphology and pathogenesis of small disturbances of brain circulation characteristic for each type of vascular encephalopathies are studied. Anatomo-pathologic classification of brain circulation disturbances are enlarged by meningeal hemorrhages and vascular encephalopathies.

[Hypertensive angio-encephalopathy and vascular dementia].

A clinicomorphological analysis of 60 postmortem cases with brain circulation disturbances against the background of arterial hypertension (AH) is performed. Lacunar infarcts, areas of incomplete necrosis and perivascular encephalolysis, small hemorrhages, criblures, persistent oedema and widespread spongiosis are found in the white matter (WM) of the brain in cases of AH of long duration with dementia. An important role in the WM lesions belongs to its ischemia due to hypertension angiopathy and disturbances of hemodynamics and liquor circulation.

[The astrocyte reaction to an experimental herpes infection].

The experimental research carried out on rabbits was aimed at determination of astrocytes reaction during brain inflammation caused by Herpes simplex virus. The study was made with the help of glia marker. Immunocytochemical findings showed that the earliest structural brain responses to the infection were changes in astrocyte glia.

[Arterial hypertension and pathology of cerebral white matter].

White matter of the brain in 25 autopsy cases with the stroke and chronic cerebro-vascular pathology produced by arterial hypertension (AH) was studied morphologically. Focal and diffuse changes of the white matter were found against the background of the hypertonic angiopathy. These changes were represented by lacunar infarcts, foci of incomplete necrosis, perivascular encephalolysis, more seldom by small haemorrhages in combination with edema, cribriform lesions and widespread spongiosis of the white matter.

[Morphologic changes in the skin and superficial temporal arteries in Sneddon's syndrome].

Skin biopsies from livedo's areas of 25 patients and fragments of superficial temporal arteries of 10 patients with Sneddon's syndrome were examined. Pathological changes in the dermis arteries of small and medium calibers were found in the form of the intima hyperplasia, proliferation of vascular wall cell elements (80%), arterial thrombosis (with diameter of 60-200 microns). These changes were found in 68% of observations when clinical and morphological signs of vasculitis were lacking.

[Hyperbaric oxygenation in acute compression-dislocation syndrome (experimental-morphological study)].

Acute compression dislocation syndrome was reproduced in rabbits by means of epidural brain compression with a balloon. After elimination of brain compression the main group were treated by HBO whereas the control group did not receive HBO. The use of HBO resulted in a decrease of the lethality in hyperextension manifestations.

[Morphology and pathogenesis of changes in the substantia alba of the cerebral hemispheres in arterial hypertension].

Morphological examination of the brain in 17 autopsies of patients with arterial hypertension and cerebral stroke has revealed damage of the white matter of the large cerebral hemispheres of a focal and diffuse nature. The main role in stroke development is ascribed to changes in the intracerebral cortico-medullar arteries manifested in hypertension and persistent brain edema. The following 3 forms of white matter damage associated with arterial hypertension have been described: (1) multi-infarctional; (2) periventricular (periventricular spongiosis); (3) combined (diffuse).

[Effect of vitamin B12 on carnitine synthesis in the body of rats].

The effect of vitamin B12 on carnitine metabolism in rats has been investigated. The injection of coenzyme B12 into male rats has been shown to result in the increase of carnitine in liver. The dynamics of this process and its dependence on the age of rats have been studied.

[Hypertensive angiopathy of the brain].

Cerebral vessels were studied by light microscopy in 20 autopsies after hemorrhagic stroke from arterial hypertension. Primary (acute), secondary (reparative) changes, as well as changes reflecting compensatory-adaptive processes, were found in the intracerebral and superficial arteries of the brain. The whole complex of these vascular changes was defined as hypertonic angiopathy.

[Features of changes in vessels of the cortex and white matter of the cerebral hemispheres in arterial hypertension].

The authors examined morphologically the arteries of the surface and intracerebral arteries of the cortex and white substance of different areas of the cerebral hemispheres in 11 necropsies of patients with arterial hypertension who died from hemorrhagic strokes. It was established that arteries of the cerebral surface 200-500 micron in diameter were characterized by compensatory-adaptive processes reflecting structural adaptation of the vessels to a prolonged elevation of blood pressure. The intracerebral arteries were considerably more frequently characterized by changes induced by hypertonic crises expressed in the form of plasmorrhagias and isolated necrosis of the tunica media.

[Hypertonic angioencephalopathy in its pathomorphological aspect].

This is a report on 20 autopsies of patients with arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis who died of a hemorrhagic stroke. Morphological changes characteristic of hypertonic angioencephalopathy were detected in the intracerebral vessels and cerebral substance. They included plasmorrhagia with arterial stenosis and necrosis, miliary aneurysms, isolated necrosis of the pia mater attended with vascular deformation, complete and incomplete necrosis of the cerebral substance, gliomesodermal cicatrices, perivascular hemorrhages, lacunar infarctions at various stages of their progression, etc.

[Morphology of "resuscitation-induced encephalopathy"].

Two groups of changes in the cerebral substance were revealed by histological examinations of the central nervous system in a case of clinical death followed by respiratory resuscitation for 12 days. Changes of the 1st group consisted in foci of incomplete necrosis in the stage of organization in the cortex and dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, lower olives of the medulla, Zommer sector of the Ammon horn, and caudate nuclei. Their development is due to ischemia and circulatory hypoxia in the early resuscitation period.

[Morphology and pathogenesis of "brain death" in stroke].

The results of morphological examinations of the central nervous system and hypophysis in 15 cases of insult and "brain death" developing in patients under conditions of application of artificial lung ventilation (ALV). Isolated death of the brain was observed to be due to discontinuation of intracerebral circulation owing to a sharp increase of intracranial pressure. Morphologically, cerebral edema, necrosis of all parts of the brain without reactive changes in neuroglia and vessels, necrosis of the 1st and 2nd cervical segments of the spinal cord, necroses in adenohypophysis, zones of demarkation in the hypophysis capsule and at the level of the 3rd and 4th cervical segments of the spinal cord, and arrest of the blood stream in the brain vessels were observed.

[Combined infarct of the brain in the basin of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries].

The report contains a description of the morphology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of combined brain infarctions in 16 cases developing in the basin of the middle and anterior arteries. The mechanisms of their development are discussed: thrombosis, thrombembolia of the middle and anterior brain arteries and their branches, pressure of the cortical branches in the anterior brain artery by the lower edge of the large crescentic process of the dura mater.