Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly promising as drug delivery vehicles due to their nanoscale size, stability and biocompatibility. EVs possess natural targeting abilities and are known to traverse long distances to reach their target cells. This long-range organotropism and the ability to penetrate hard-to-reach tissues, including the brain, have sparked interest in using EVs for the targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals.

Mammalian Melatonin Agonist Pharmaceuticals Stimulate Rhomboid Proteins in Plants.

Melatonin is a human neurotransmitter and plant signalling metabolite that perceives and directs plant metabolism. The mechanisms of melatonin action in plants remain undefined. We hypothesized that roots have a melatonin-specific receptor and/or transporter that can respond to melatonin-mediating pharmaceuticals.