Autism and Down syndrome: early identification and diagnosis.

The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Down syndrome (DS) is underestimated because it is necessary to understand which aspects of the behavioral phenotype are related to DS and which are related to ASD. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on early identification and diagnosis of ASD in patients with DS. Data source: The VHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched and data were evaluated using PRISMA.

The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child growth and development: a systematic review.

Objective: This was a systematic review of studies that examined the impact of epidemics or social restriction on mental and developmental health in parents and children/adolescents.

Source Of Data: The PubMed, WHO COVID-19, and SciELO databases were searched on March 15, 2020, and on April 25, 2020, filtering for children (0-18 years) and humans.

Synthesis Of Data: The tools used to mitigate the threat of a pandemic such as COVID-19 may very well threaten child growth and development.

Investigation into neurogenic bladder in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.

Objective: During the follow-up of children who had been diagnosed with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), it was noted that some were experiencing dysfunctional voiding. Further investigation into these cases led to a diagnosis of neurogenic bladder. Few studies have investigated the relationship between AMC and neurogenic bladder, this being the first to describe the clinical characteristics of neurogenic bladder among these patients.