Emodin ameliorates cisplatin-induced apoptosis of rat renal tubular cells in vitro by activating autophagy.

Aim: A previous report shows that emodin extracted from the Chinese herbs rhubarb and giant knotweed rhizome can ameliorate the anticancer drug cisplatin-induced injury of HEK293 cells. In this study, we investigated whether and how emodin could protect renal tubular epithelial cells against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro.

Methods: The viability and apoptosis of normal rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were detected using formazan assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively.

Huaiqihuang Granules () reduce proteinuria by enhancing nephrin expression and regulating necrosis factor κB signaling pathway in adriamycin-induced nephropathy.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Huaiqihuang Granules (, HQH), a mixture of Chinese herbs including Trametes robiniophila Murr, Fructus Lycii and Polygonatum sibiricum, on adriamycininduced nephropathy (ADRN) in rats and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Rats with ADRN were divided into four groups: the sham group, the model group (distilled water), the low-dose HQH-treated (2 g/kg) group, and the high-dose HQH-treated (4 g/kg) group. Body weight and 24-h urinary protein (Upro) were checked every week.

[Molecular mechanism of emodin on inhibiting autophagy induced by HBSS in renal tubular cells].

Objective: To explore the regulative effects and possible mechanisms of emodin on autophagy induced by starvation in rat's renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E).

Method: Firstly, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) was used to induce starvation and the protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) I/II, an autophagic marker of mammalian congener, was detected by Western blot with or without the treatment of emodin. Secondly, the changes of red fluorescent protein-microtubule associated protein light chain3 (RFP-LC3) fluorescent particles, treated by HBSS (1 mL) and bafilomycin A1 (10 nmol x L(-1)) with or without emodin, were observed through fluorescence microscopy in NRK-52E cells transient transfected by RFP-LC3 plasmid.

[Mechanisms of cordycepin on improving renal interstitial fibrosis via regulating eIF2α/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway].

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of cordycepin,an effective component of cordyceps militaris, on renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and its related eIF2α/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Method: Firstly, 15 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,the control group (Group A), the model group (Group B) and the cordycepin-treated group (Group C). After renal interstitial fibrotic model was successfully established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the mice in Group C were intraperitoneally administrated with cordycepin(5 mg x kg(-1) d(-1)) and the ones in Group A and B were administrated with physiological saline for 5 days.

[Molecular mechanism of rhein on inhibiting autophagic protein expression in renal tubular epithelial cells via regulating mTOR signaling pathway activation].

Objective: To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of rhein on reducing starvation-induced autophagic protein expression in renal tubular epithelial ( NRK-52E) cells.

Method: Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) was used to induce NRK-52E cells to be in the state of starvation. After the intervention of HBSS for 0, 0.

[Clinical implication of urinary protein markers in diabetic nephropathy and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine].

In clinic, some urinary protein makers can dynamically and noninvasively reflect the degree of renal tubular injury in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). These urinary biomarkers of tubular damage are broadly divided into two categories. One is newfound, including kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), neutrophil getatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and cystatin C (CysC); the other one is classical, including beta2 microglobulin (beta2-MG), retinal binding protein (RBP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG).

[Characteristic of urinary protein spectrum in patients with stage III diabetic nephropathy and its regression analysis with traditional Chinese medicine symptom].

To analyze the characteristic of urinary protein spectrum in patients with stage III diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its compliance with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)symptom, for the sake of providing a basis for clarifying the rules of TCM syndrome differentiation in DN. Adopting the traditional epidemiological retrospective method, thirty-eight TCM syndromes and urinary protein with medium or low molecular weight, as well as urinary enzyme, including 24 h urinary protein (Upro), urinary albumin( UAlb), urinary retinal binding protein( URBP), urinary cystatin C (UCysC), urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG), were collected from 108 patients with stage III DN, and a multiple factor regression analysis between them was conducted. As the results, the levels of Upro, UAlb, URBP, UCysC, and UNAG were increased in 108 patients with stage III DN.

Chronic kidney disease and associated cardiovascular risk factors in chinese with type 2 diabetes.

Background: To determine the frequency of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated risk factors in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Nanjing, China, in the period between January 2008 and December 2009.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes under the care by Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China were invited for assessment. CKD was defined as the presence of albuminuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.

Validity of glycated hemoglobin in screening and diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese subjects.

Background/aims: The application of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) for the diagnosis of diabetes is currently under extensive discussion. In this study, we explored the validity of using HbA(1c) as a screening and diagnostic test in Chinese subjects recruited in Nanjing, China.

Methods: In total, 497 subjects (361 men and 136 women) with fasting plasma glucose (PG) ≥ 5.

[Familial pedigree analysis of Shen-yin deficiency syndrome in families with type 2 diabetes mellitus GU].

To analyse the familial aggregation and genetic predisposition of Shen-yin deficiency syndrome (SYDS) in families with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Methods One hundred and forty-one DM2 patients were collected from 32 family lines in Nanjin area, in which the probands were differentiated as DM2 with SYDS. On them, genetic analysis on the characteristics of SYDS was conducted using pedigree analysis, morbidity and heritability of the first-degree relatives of the probands were calculated, and the action of familial SYDS factor on the genesis of the syndrome was assessed by multiple factors regression analysis.

[Suppressive effects of GTW treatment on mesangial lesions in experimental irreversible glomerulosclerosis].

Objective: To examine suppressive effects of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (GTW)on mesangial injury induced by two-injecti on of anti-Thy1.

[Effect of the compound of traditional Chinese drugs on gene expression of renal endothelin and its receptor of experimental diabetic nephropathy].

Objective: To study the effect of the Compound of traditional Chinese drugs and Benazepril on gene expression of renal endothelin and its receptor of experimental diabetic nephropathy(DN). To discove the mechanism of the compound of traditional Chinese drugs in treating DN.

Method: Streptozotocin DN model was built and influenced with the compound of traditional Chinese drugs and Benazepril.