New biological strategies for preventing and controlling food contaminants in the supply chain: Smart use of common plant-derived substances.

Traditional means of contaminant management that rely on chemical additives and high-temperature processing have raised concerns about long-term safety and environmental issues in the modern food supply chain. Therefore, sustainable, safe, and innovative strategies are urgently needed. Plant-derived substances are known for their biological activity and antifouling potential as natural alternatives for contamination control.

Green tea fermented by Ganoderma lucidum presented anti-obesity properties via enhanced thermogenesis in vitro and on C57BL/6J mice.

High-fat diets contribute to obesity and metabolic disorders. Ganoderma lucidum is renowned for its abundant bioactive compounds and diverse pharmacological effects. Green tea fermented by G.

Chemical components, health-promoting effects and industrial application of a Chinese bitter tea (Kuding tea): A comprehensive review.

Kuding tea (KT), a traditional Chinese bitter tea, has long been recognized as Food & Medicine Homology product, known for its various active components and health benefits. However, research on KT is fragmented, lacking a comprehensive review of its key chemical constituents, health-promoting effects, and potential future applications. This review outlines the development history and nutritional components of KT while examining its functional benefits and industrial applications.

3D bioprinting of prefabricated artificial skin with multicomponent hydrogel for skin and hair follicle regeneration.

The timely management of large-scale wounds and the regeneration of skin appendages constitute major clinical issues. The production of high-precision and customizable artificial skin via 3D bioprinting offers a feasible means to surmount the predicament, within which the selection of bioactive materials and seed cells is critical. This study is aimed at employing skin stem cells and multicomponent hydrogels to prefabricate artificial skin through 3D bioprinting, which enables the regeneration of skin and its appendages.

Characterization of Volatile Substances in Pu-erh Tea (Raw Tea) at Different Storage Times.

There is a lack of theoretical evidence regarding the transformation of the aroma of Pu-erh tea (raw tea) during long-term storage. In this study, we comprehensively investigate the aroma characteristics of Pu-erh tea (raw tea) from the same manufacturer, stored for different storage times (7-21 years). Sensory evaluation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile substances were performed on the experimental samples.

NAD Promotes Superovulation of Huaxi Cattle Through Regulation of Cumulus Cell Proliferation and Oocyte Maturation.

Superovulation and embryo transfer are key technologies to improve the reproductive ability of female animals and enhance the efficiency of livestock production. However, poor-quality oocytes or abnormal fluctuations of hormone levels caused by superovulation affect the embryonic development environment, which may lead to a significant decline in the number and quality of transferable embryos, thus reducing the efficiency of superovulation. In this study, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) was injected into Huaxi cows during the superovulation period to observe the proliferation and apoptosis of transplanted embryos.

Patterns and outcomes of early and late recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion: a multicenter study in China.

Background: A few studies focus on the long-term outcomes and surveillance strategies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and microvascular invasion (MVI) who experience postoperative recurrence. The aim of this study was to explore the patterns and prognosis of early and late recurrence (ER and LR) after hepatectomy of such patients.

Methods: Consecutive patients with HCC and MVI after hepatectomy from 26 centers in China from 2009 to 2020 were included.

Perceptual interactions of key aroma compounds in Fu brick tea: Odor threshold, sensory, and E-nose analysis.

While extensive research has focused on the flavor of Fu brick tea (FBT), the perceptual interactions among its aromatic components remain unclear. To address this, twenty representative aroma compounds were selected from FBT to determine their thresholds and evaluate their interactions by analyzing threshold changes before and after mixing. The results revealed discrepancies between the determined thresholds and literature values, particularly for -terpineol, methyl heptenone, and geranylacetone, which demonstrated ratios of 73.

Advances of Vis/NIRS and imaging techniques assisted by AI for tea processing.

Tea is one of the most popular drinks due to its distinct flavor and numerous health benefits. The quality of tea is closely related to production processing. Human sensory evaluation is the conventional method for quality monitoring in tea processing.

CPST-GAN: Conditional Probabilistic State Transition Generative Adversarial Network With the Biomedical Large Foundation Models.

The risk prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for its early prevention and treatment. However, current risk prediction methods face challenges in effectively extracting and fusing multiomics features, particularly overlooking the multilevel evolutionary mechanisms of AD. This article combines biomedical large foundation models with the conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) to mine the evolutionary patterns of AD by considering the regulatory effect of genes on brain lesions.

Ensemble methods for testing a global null.

Testing a global null is a canonical problem in statistics and has a wide range of applications. In view of the fact that no uniformly most powerful test exists, prior and/or domain knowledge are commonly used to focus on a certain class of alternatives to improve the testing power. However, it is generally challenging to develop tests that are particularly powerful against a certain class of alternatives.

Preferential allosteric modulation of Otop1 channels by small molecule compounds.

The Otopetrin (Otop) proteins, comprising Otop1-3, are proton-gated proton channels with key biological functions. Otop1 acts as a receptor for sour and ammonium salt tastes in mammals, but its gating mechanisms and pharmacology remain poorly understood. Here, we report the functional characterization of three small molecule positive allosteric modulators of Otop1-MFaN, HIMOP, and B2FAMP-that enhance proton gating in a pH-dependent manner, potentiating Otop1 activity under weak acidic but not strong acidic conditions.

Chronic pain in multiple sites is associated with depressive symptoms in US adults: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Chronic pain poses a significant public health challenge, yet its manifestation in multiple body areas remains insufficiently studied. This study seeks to explore the relationship between chronic pain affecting multiple sites and depression.

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2010 regarding chronic pain and depression, employing weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to explore the relationship between the number of body sites impacted by chronic pain and depression rates.

Integration of Multiomics Data Reveals Selection Characteristics of That Are Associated with Size Differentiation in Pigs.

Min pigs, a prominent local breed from Northeast China, have diverged into two distinct breeds, Ermin (EM) pigs and Hebao (HB) pigs, through prolonged natural and artificial selection. Although these two breeds exhibit distinct differences in body size, the genetic mechanisms underlying this variation remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed whole-genome resequencing and transcriptome analysis on EM and HB pigs to elucidate the genetic basis of body size variation in Min pigs through genome-wide selection signal analysis and the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Decoding the specific minty-like aroma of 'Rucheng baimaocha' () black tea.

Rucheng Baimaocha () black tea (RCBT) exhibits floral and sweet attributes with a unique minty-like aroma, distinguishing it from traditional and other innovative black teas. However, its key odorants remain unknown. In this study, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) combined with aroma extraction dilution analysis detected 26 aroma-active compounds (ACCs), of which 20 ACCs were quantified as odorants of RCBT infusion.

A novel spider toxin as a selective antagonist of the Kv1 subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels through gating modulation.

Members of the voltage-gated potassium channel subfamily (Kv1) are essential for the nervous and immune systems, necessitating novel modulators and deeper insights into their structure-function relationships. While all known peptide inhibitors targeting Kv1 channels are pore blockers, we identified MrVIII (κ-HxTx-MrVIII), a novel peptide toxin from the venom of spider Macrothele raveni, as the first voltage-gating modifier antagonist with selective activity against Kv1 channels. MrVIII exhibits high-affinity inhibition of Kv1.

structures of the contractile nanomachine myophage Mu in both its extended and contracted states.

Unlabelled: Myophage Mu is a representative of contractile nanomachines with a simple tail baseplate. It has the capacity to infect a range of intestinal bacteria and has extensive applications in genetic engineering research. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the entire structure and contractile mechanisms of Mu remains elusive.

Artemisinin analogues are effective in the treatment of psoriasis by targeting RORγt.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin autoimmune disease. Th17 cells, when pathologically activated, significantly contribute to the progression of psoriasis. The symptoms of this skin condition could be notably alleviated by targeting and suppressing the activity of these cells.

Phytochemicals from fractioned dark tea water extract enhance the digestive enzyme inhibition, antioxidant capacities and glucose-lipid balance.

Dark tea has long been recognized for its health-promoting benefits, attributed to its complex phytochemical composition. However, the specific bioactive compounds responsible for these beneficial effects remain inadequately characterized. This study aimed to explore the impact of dark tea water extract (DTE) on digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and glucose-lipid balance.

Hydrogels of diet-derived electron donors restore epithelial hypoxia and reduce iNOS synthesis to inhibit inflammation-induced overgrowth of facultatively anaerobic bacteria for gut homeostasis.

Food hydrogels targeting respiration of microorganisms via changing the micro-ecological environment in gut were prepared through the self-assembly of polyphenols extracted from tea leaves harvested in summer and autumn and the protein fibrils originating from egg white lysozyme. Oral administration with the hydrogels effectively inhibited the over-expansion of the facultative anaerobic bacterium indicated by E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and alleviated the clinic symptoms of chronic intestinal inflammation in mice.

Comparative study of the anti-obesity effects of white tea and dark tea: Insights from microbiome and metabolomics.

The anti-obesity effects of tea and its functional components have been extensively studied. However, the protective effects of different types of tea against obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study systematically compared the effects of white tea and dark tea on obese rats and explored their mechanisms.

Automatic Measurement of Frontomaxillary Facial Angle in Fetal Ultrasound Images Using Deep Learning.

Accurate measurement of frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angles in prenatal ultrasound (US) scans plays a pivotal role in the screening of trisomy 21. Nevertheless, this intricate procedure heavily relies on the proficiency of the ultrasonographer and tends to be a time-intensive task. Furthermore, FMF angles are subjective when measured manually.

A statistical framework for multi-trait rare variant analysis in large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies.

Large-scale whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies have improved our understanding of the contributions of coding and noncoding rare variants to complex human traits. Leveraging association effect sizes across multiple traits in WGS rare variant association analysis can improve statistical power over single-trait analysis, and also detect pleiotropic genes and regions. Existing multi-trait methods have limited ability to perform rare variant analysis of large-scale WGS data.

Effect of cavity absorption on treatment outcomes of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease.

Background: The incidence of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease (MK-PD) was increasing worldwide. However, limited research was conducted on how to improve the cure rate and evaluate treatment efficacy for patients. We aimed to identify key factors that could improve the cure rate in patients with MK-PD.

Extraction, isolation, identification and bioactivity of anthraquinones from Aspergillus cristatus derived from Fuzhaun brick tea.

Aspergillus cristatus, a probiotic fungus isolated from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT), produces various valuable but uncharacterized secondary metabolites. We hypothesized that diverse anthraquinones metabolized by A. cristatus possess promising bioactivities and influence fermentation process of FBT.