Living on the Rocks: Genomic Analysis of Limestone Langurs Provides Novel Insights into the Adaptive Evolution in Extreme Karst Environments.

Understanding how organisms adapt to their environments is a central question in evolutionary biology. Limestone langurs are unique among primates, as they are exclusively found in karst limestone habitats and have evolved mechanisms to tolerate high levels of mineral ions, which are typically associated with metal toxicity affecting organs, cells, and genetic material. We generated a high-quality reference genome (Tfra_5.

Selection of dysfunctional alleles of bHLH1 and MYB1 has produced white grain in the tribe Triticeae.

Grain color is a key agronomic trait that greatly determines food quality. The molecular and evolutionary mechanisms that underlie grain-color regulation are also important questions in evolutionary biology and crop breeding. Here, we confirm that both bHLH and MYB genes have played a critical role in the evolution of grain color in Triticeae.

Identification and growth-promoting effect of Paecilomyces lilacinus a biocontrol fungi for walnut rot disease.

Cytospora chrysosperma is the primary pathogen responsible for walnut rot disease, affecting a wide variety of hosts. Currently, chemical agents, particularly agricultural Fungicides, are commonly utilized for the prevention and management of walnut rot. However, this practice has led to the development of drug-resistant pathogens, complicating disease control efforts.

Machine learning for epithelial ovarian cancer platinum resistance recurrence identification using routine clinical data.

Background: Most epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) eventually develops recurrence. Identification of high-risk patients can prompt earlier intervention and improve long-term outcomes. We used laboratory and clinical data to create models based on machine learning for EOC platinum resistance recurrence identification.

Development and validation of the head and neck cancer psychosocial distress scale (HNCPDS) to identify patients at high risk for psychological problems : a multicenter study.

To develop the Head and Neck Cancer Psychosocial Distress Scale (HNCPDS) with the aim of identifying high-risk individuals for psychosocial distress among patients, and to assess its reliability, validity and applicability. Using the classical test theory, a total of 435 head and neck cancer patients from six tertiary hospitals in China were recruited for developing the HNCPDS. Delphi expert consultation and item analysis were used to improve the content validity of the preliminary HNCPDS.

Phylogenomics Reveals High Levels of Incomplete Lineage Sorting at the Ancestral Nodes of the Macaque Radiation.

The genus Macaca includes 23 species assigned into 4 to 7 groups. It exhibits the largest geographic range and represents the most successful example of adaptive radiation of nonhuman primates. However, intrageneric phylogenetic relationships among species remain controversial and have not been resolved so far.

Reconstruction of large-area wounds in limbs using two flow-through anterolateral thigh perforator flaps.

Introduction: Limb salvage in large wounds is difficult because the disrupted blood supply does not support a flap. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of using two flow-through anterolateral thigh perforator flaps for reconstructing large-area limb wounds.

Methods: This retrospective study included 45 patients who underwent reconstruction of large limb wounds using two flow-through anterolateral thigh perforator flaps at Ruihua Hospital between January 2015 and December 2020.

Printing Three-Dimensional Refractory Metal Patterns in Ambient Air: Toward High Temperature Sensors.

Refractory metals offer exceptional benefits for high temperature electronics including high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical strength, while their high melting temperature and poor processibility poses challenges to manufacturing. Here this work reports a direct ink writing and tar-mediated laser sintering (DIW-TMLS) technique to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) refractory metal devices for high temperature applications. Metallic inks with high viscosity and enhanced light absorbance are designed by utilizing coal tar as binder.

Is the oblique branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery a common variant?

The oblique branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, a short branch of the deep femoral artery, is highly prevalent (32-46%) and is usually considered a normal variant, although this is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether the oblique branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery is a variant. We reviewed medical record data of patients with skin and soft tissue defects of the extremities who underwent flap repair using free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps at our hospital in 2019.

Morphological study of branches of lateral femoral circumflex artery based on digital subtraction angiography.

In this study, the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) data were used to describe the number, course, and distribution of the branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), in order to provide an imaging basis for the application of the anterolateral thigh flap pedicled with each branch of the LCFA. The number, location, direction, and distribution of the branches of the LCFA were analyzed by selective DSA angiography in 113 patients who needed an anterolateral thigh flap to repair the wound. LCFA usually originates from the deep femoral artery or femoral artery and routinely sends out four main branches: ascending branch, transverse branch, oblique branch, and descending branch.

Transplantation of Ultra-Long Cross-Donor Conjoined Perforator Flaps with Multiple Blood Supply Sources for Wound Repair.

Objective: There are reports about the surgical method and clinical efficacy of using ultra-long cross-donor perforator skin flap transplantation with multiple blood supply sources to repair wounds.

Method: Between January 2013 and March 2019, 29 wounds were repaired using ultra-long skin flaps from the donor site of the chest, abdomen and anterolateral thigh. All patients were followed up on a regular basis with a view to the following: appearance of skin flap, function of recipient area and healing of donor area.

Causing Brown Spot Disease on Walnut in Xinjiang, China.

Walnut is one of the Xinjiang's characteristic dried fruits and the main source of income for farmers in walnut growing areas. In September 2019, leaves with brown spots were observed in a 10 hm2 orchard in Hotan area, the diseased leaf rate reached more than 25%. The leaf lesions were suborbicular to irregular, black-brown, 3 to 8 mm in diameter, with distinct dark borders.

[Clinical application of anterolateral thigh perforator flap pedicled with oblique branch in intramuscular of lateral circumflex femoral artery].

Objective: To explore the characteristics and clinical application of the anterolateral thigh flap pedicled with the oblique branch in the intramuscular of lateral circumflex femoral artery.

Methods: The clinical data of 25 patients with skin and soft tissue defects of extremities admitted between December 2020 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 16 males and 9 females, aged 14-75 years, with the median age of 43 years. The defect site included 13 cases of hand, 2 cases of forearm, 2 cases of calf, and 8 cases of foot and ankle.

High-Value Utilization of Silicon Cutting Waste and Excrementum Bombycis to Synthesize Silicon-Carbon Composites as Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries.

Silicon-based photovoltaic technology is helpful in reducing the cost of power generation; however, it suffers from economic losses and environmental pollution caused by silicon cutting waste. Herein, a hydrothermal method accompanied by heat treatment is proposed to take full advantage of the photovoltaic silicon cutting waste and biomass excrementum bombycis to fabricate flake-like porous Si@C (FP-Si@C) composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The resulting FP-Si@C composite with a meso-macroporous structure can buffer the severe volume changes and facilitate electrolyte penetration.

Repair of Compound Dorsal Defects of the Digits Using a Free Antegrade Palmaris Longus Tendocutaneous Venous Flap.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical effect of repairing small dorsal digit compound tissue defects using a free palmaris longus tendocutaneous flap nourished by venous blood.

Methods: In a retrospective analysis of patients treated between March 2010 and October 2017, 18 patients were identified as having small compound tissue defects, which were repaired using a free palmaris longus tendocutaneous flap nourished by venous blood. The average age of the patients, including 15 male and 3 female patients, was 34 years (range, 22-55 years).

Global view on virus infection in non-human primates and implications for public health and wildlife conservation.

Viruses can be transmitted from animals to humans (and vice versa) and across animal species. As such, host-virus interactions and transmission have attracted considerable attention. Non-human primates (NHPs), our closest evolutionary relatives, are susceptible to human viruses and certain pathogens are known to circulate between humans and NHPs.

The reference genome and transcriptome of the limestone langur, Trachypithecus leucocephalus, reveal expansion of genes related to alkali tolerance.

Background: Trachypithecus leucocephalus, the white-headed langur, is a critically endangered primate that is endemic to the karst mountains in the southern Guangxi province of China. Studying the genomic and transcriptomic mechanisms underlying its local adaptation could help explain its persistence within a highly specialized ecological niche.

Results: In this study, we used PacBio sequencing and optical assembly and Hi-C analysis to create a high-quality de novo assembly of the T.

Mitogenomic phylogeny of the Asian colobine genus with special focus on (Blyth, 1847) and description of a new species.

, which currently contains 20 species divided into four groups, is the most speciose and geographically dispersed genus among Asian colobines. Despite several morphological and molecular studies, however, its evolutionary history and phylogeography remain poorly understood. Phayre's langur ( ) is one of the most widespread members of the genus, but details on its actual distribution and intraspecific taxonomy are limited and controversial.

Genomic Mechanisms of Physiological and Morphological Adaptations of Limestone Langurs to Karst Habitats.

Knowledge of the physiological and morphological evolution and adaptation of nonhuman primates is critical to understand hominin origins, physiological ecology, morphological evolution, and applications in biomedicine. Particularly, limestone langurs represent a direct example of adaptations to the challenges of exploiting a high calcium and harsh environment. Here, we report a de novo genome assembly (Tfra_2.