Discovery of an Ultralong-acting Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker That Displays Short Onset Time and On-Demand Rapid Reversal by a Biocompatible Antagonist.

The combination of ultralong-acting neuromuscular block and subsequent on-demand rapid reversal may provide prolonged surgeries with improved conditions by omitting continuous or repetitive blocker administration, enabling a more stable and predictable hemodynamic profile and eliminating residual block. For this target, we prepared 19 imidazolium-incorporated tetracationic macrocycles. In vivo studies with rats revealed that one macrocycle (IMC-14) displays extremely high blocking activity.

Harnessing Genetic Resistance in Maize and Integrated Rust Management Strategies to Combat Southern Corn Rust.

Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Underw. has recently emerged as a focal point of study because of its extensive distribution, significant damage, and high prevalence in maize growing areas such as the United States, Canada, and China. is an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen that cannot be cultured in vitro or genetically modified, thus complicating the study of the molecular bases of its pathogenicity.

Supramolecular Organic Framework that Enables Multifunctional Doxorubicin Delivery, Photofrin Post-treatment Phototoxicity Inhibition, and Heparin Neutralization.

Although porous frameworks are structurally ideal for the development of biomaterials through drug adsorption, sequestration, and delivery, integration of multiple biofunctions into a biocompatible porous framework would greatly improve its potential for preclinical investigations by increasing both therapeutic value and research and development efficiency. Herein, we report the preparation of a highly biocompatible supramolecular organic framework from an imidazolium-derived tetrahedral monomer and cucurbit[8]uril. The supramolecular organic framework has been revealed to have regular intrinsic porosity and adsorb doxorubicin, photofrin, and heparins driven by hydrophobicity and/or ion-pairing electrostatic interactions.

Gnetupendin A protects against ischemic stroke through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-dependent autophagy pathway.

Background: Autophagy has been recently emerged as a prominent factor in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS) and is increasingly being considered as a potential therapeutic target for IS. Gnetum parvifolium has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases such as rheumatism and traumatic injuries. However, the pharmacological effects of Gnetupindin A (GA), a stilbene compound isolated from Gnetum parvifolium, have not been fully elucidated until now.

GHRH and its analogues in central nervous system diseases.

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is primarily produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) in the anterior pituitary gland, which subsequently regulates the production of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). GH and IGF-1 have potent effects on promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, as well as regulating cell metabolism. In central nerve system (CNS), GHRH/GH/IGF-1 promote brain development and growth, stimulate neuronal proliferation, and regulate neurotransmitter release, thereby participating in the regulation of various CNS physiological activities.

Cardiac macrophages in maintaining heart homeostasis and regulating ventricular remodeling of heart diseases.

Macrophages are most important immune cell population in the heart. Cardiac macrophages have broad-spectrum and heterogeneity, with two extreme polarization phenotypes: M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages (CCR2ly6C) and M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages (CCR2ly6C). Cardiac macrophages can reshape their polarization states or phenotypes to adapt to their surrounding microenvironment by altering metabolic reprogramming.

An artificial peptide inhibits autophagy through calcineurin-TFEB pathway.

We previously reported that a bioactive peptide (pep3) can potently inhibit the enzyme activity of purified calcineurin (CN). In this paper, we further demonstrate that transfected pep3 can strongly inhibit CN enzyme activity in HEK293 cells. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays an important role in the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) as one of the substrates of CN, so we study the effect of pep3 on the CN-TFEB-ALP pathway.

Hypomethylation-associated ELF3 helps nasopharyngeal carcinoma to escape immune surveillance via MUC16-mediated glycolytic metabolic reprogramming.

Immune escape and metabolic reprogramming are two essential hallmarks of cancer. Mucin-16 (MUC16) has been linked to glycolysis and immune response in different cancers. However, its involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been well described.

Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis reveals the clinical implications of immune-related genes in ovarian cancer.

Purpose: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological malignancy with poor prognosis and substantial tumor heterogeneity. Due to the complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) among ovarian cancer, only a few patients have an immune response to immunotherapy. To investigate the differences in immune function and identify potential biomarkers in OC, we established a prognostic risk scoring model (PRSM) with differential expression of immune-related genes (IRGs) to identify critical prognostic IRG signatures.

Pseudoginsenoside-F11 reduces cognitive impairment and white matter injury in vascular dementia by alleviating autophagy-lysosomal pathway deficiency.

Background: Vascular dementia (VaD) resulting from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) induces cognitive impairment and white matter injury (WMI). We previously found that CCH induces dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) in white matter (WM) of rats. Enhancing oligodendrocyte autophagy to counteract ALP deficiency is beneficial for cognitive recovery.

Effects of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on the immune system.

Surgical removal of the tonsils and adenoids, important immune organs, is a frequent and recurrent class of surgery, and currently, there is no consensus on the effects these surgical procedures may have on the immune system. Here, we examine individual studies on tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and adenotonsillectomy, discuss their postoperative humoral and cellular immune changes, and explore their effects on the incidence of related diseases. There is evidence that these three surgeries have no negative effects on humoral immunity; however, there has been contrary results.

Tamarixetin ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation.

Tamarixetin, a natural dietary flavone, exhibits remarkable potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The present article aimed to explore the impact of tamarixetin on ischemic stroke and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Effects of tamarixetin on ischemic stroke were evaluated in rats using the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model, by assessing the neurological deficit scores, brain water content, brain infraction, and neuronal damage.

Distinguishing the Charge Trapping Centers in CaF-Based 2D Material MOSFETs.

Crystalline calcium fluoride (CaF) is drawing significant attention due to its great potential of being the gate dielectric of two-dimensional (2D) material MOSFETs. It is deemed to be superior to boron nitride and traditional silicon dioxide (SiO) because of its larger dielectric constant, wider band gap, and lower defect density. Nevertheless, the CaF-based MOSFETs fabricated in the experiment still present notable reliability issues, and the underlying reason remains unclear.

A quinolinyl resveratrol derivative alleviates acute ischemic stroke injury by promoting mitophagy for neuroprotection via targeting CK2α'.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious threat to human health. The naturally derived small molecule (E)-5-(2-(quinolin-4-yl) ethenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (RV01) is a quinolinyl analog of resveratrol with great potential in the treatment of IS. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms and targets for the protective effect of the RV01 on IS.

Atorvastatin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting oxidative stress and ferroptosis signaling.

Clinically, statins have long been used for the prevention and treatment of chronic renal diseases, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of atorvastatin on diabetes renal injury and ferroptosis signaling. A mouse model of diabetes was established by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg/day) plus a high fat diet with or without atorvastatin treatment.

Van der Waals polarity-engineered 3D integration of 2D complementary logic.

Vertical three-dimensional integration of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors holds great promise, as it offers the possibility to scale up logic layers in the z axis. Indeed, vertical complementary field-effect transistors (CFETs) built with such mixed-dimensional heterostructures, as well as hetero-2D layers with different carrier types, have been demonstrated recently. However, so far, the lack of a controllable doping scheme (especially p-doped WSe (refs.

Temporal and spatial trend analysis of all-cause depression burden based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study.

Depression has been reported as one of the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses globally. This study aimed to obtain information on the global burden of depression and its associated spatiotemporal variation, by exploring the correlation between the global burden of depression and the social development index (SDI) and associated risk factors. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019, we described the prevalence and burden of disease in 204 countries across 21 regions, including sex and age differences and the relationship between the global disease burden and SDI.

Spectrometer-Less Remote Sensing Image Classification Based on Gate-Tunable van der Waals Heterostructures.

Remote sensing technology, which conventionally employs spectrometers to capture hyperspectral images, allowing for the classification and unmixing based on the reflectance spectrum, has been extensively applied in diverse fields, including environmental monitoring, land resource management, and agriculture. However, miniaturization of remote sensing systems remains a challenge due to the complicated and dispersive optical components of spectrometers. Here, m-phase GaTeSe with wide-spectral photoresponses (250-1064 nm) and stack it with WSe are utilizes to construct a two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunction (2D-vdWH), enabling the design of a gate-tunable wide-spectral photodetector.

Multigene and Improved Anti-Collision RRT* Algorithms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Task Allocation and Route Planning in an Urban Air Mobility Scenario.

Compared to terrestrial transportation systems, the expansion of urban traffic into airspace can not only mitigate traffic congestion, but also foster establish eco-friendly transportation networks. Additionally, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) task allocation and trajectory planning are essential research topics for an Urban Air Mobility (UAM) scenario. However, heterogeneous tasks, temporary flight restriction zones, physical buildings, and environment prerequisites put forward challenges for the research.

Efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in millions of confirmed cases and deaths globally. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of airway clearance technology combined with prone ventilation on patients infected with COVID-19.

Methods: 38 patients with COVID-19 (severe) who were treated in the intensive rehabilitation group of Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital.