Local salient location-aware anomaly mask synthesis for pulmonary disease anomaly detection and lesion localization in CT images.

Automated pulmonary anomaly detection using computed tomography (CT) examinations is important for the early warning of pulmonary diseases and can support clinical diagnosis and decision-making. Most training of existing pulmonary disease detection and lesion segmentation models requires expert annotations, which is time-consuming and labour-intensive, and struggles to generalize across atypical diseases. In contrast, unsupervised anomaly detection alleviates the demand for dataset annotation and is more generalizable than supervised methods in detecting rare pathologies.

Metabolomics based analysis reveals the therapeutic effects of Incarvillea arguta (Royle) Royle aqueous extract against alcohol-induced liver injury.

Background: Alcohol-induced liver injury (ALI) poses a significant threat to global human health. The Chinese Yi medicine Liangtoumao (LTM), which originated from the whole plant of Incarvillea arguta Royle (Royle), has been widely used by the Yi ethnic group to prevent and treat ALI and other liver diseases. However, its effectiveness and mechanisms are still under-researched.

Metabolism profiles of tannins in Phyllanthus emblica L. and its immunotherapeutic potential against hepatocellular carcinoma by re-educating tumor microenvironment.

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and represent significant obstacles to effective immunotherapy. Phyllanthus emblica L.

Comparative Analysis of Egg Yolk Phospholipid Unsaturation and Its Impact on Neural Health in Alzheimer Disease Mice.

The mechanism of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) in alleviating Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not yet been clear. The fatty acid composition of PC, especially the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), may be a critical determinant of their structural and functional roles. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the unsaturation levels of egg yolk PC and their impact on neurological health in a murine model of AD.

Investigation of cyclic behavior of steel-concrete composite coupling beams with axial rib corrugated webs.

To address the buckling of flat steel plate webs in traditional concrete-filled steel plate composite coupling beams, this study proposes a novel composite coupling beam with axial rib corrugated webs. The corrugated plates provide greater out-of-plane stiffness compared to flat steel plates. Cyclic loading tests are conducted on specimens with a span-to-depth ratio of 1.

A Novel Model for Cornea Power Shift in Eyes Wearing Orthokeratology Lenses With Different Back Optic Zone Diameters for Myopia Control.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the corneal power changes after wearing orthokeratology lenses of different back optic zone diameters (BOZDs) and to propose a novel 4-parameter model capable of revealing the associations between each parameter and axial length growth (ALG).

Methods: A prospective self-controlled study was conducted between June 2022 and December 2023. One eye in each subject (N = 33) was randomly assigned to wear a lens with a BOZD of either 5 mm (5 oz) or 6 mm (6 oz).

Association Between Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Indices and Severity of Coronary Artery Lesions in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease in Different Glucose Metabolic States.

Background: The systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) serves as a comprehensive indication of systemic inflammation. However, the relationship between SII and the severity of coronary artery lesions in participants with coronary artery disease (CAD) in different glucose metabolic states has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: A total of 2727 patients with CAD were enrolled between January 2018 and April 2022.

The Diagnostic Performance of AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, CA199, and Their Combination for Primary Liver Cancer.

Purpose: The prevalence of primary liver cancer (PLC) is rising, yet strategies for its early diagnosis remain inadequate. This study aims to identify novel biomarkers to improve the diagnostic ability of PLC.

Patients And Methods: This study included 94 patients with PLC, 128 patients with benign liver disease (BLD), and 79 normal controls (NC) were included.

Generative AI Models in Time-Varying Biomedical Data: Scoping Review.

Background: Trajectory modeling is a long-standing challenge in the application of computational methods to health care. In the age of big data, traditional statistical and machine learning methods do not achieve satisfactory results as they often fail to capture the complex underlying distributions of multimodal health data and long-term dependencies throughout medical histories. Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have provided powerful tools to represent complex distributions and patterns with minimal underlying assumptions, with major impact in fields such as finance and environmental sciences, prompting researchers to apply these methods for disease modeling in health care.

A multifunctional biosensor for linked monitoring of inflammation indicators in hypertension drug evaluation and companion diagnostics.

Hypertension, often called the "silent killer", is a prevalent chronic disease closely linked to inflammation. However, most current methods monitor only single indicator, providing a limited view of inflammation in hypertension progression. To address this, we developed a multifunctional biosensor featuring a dual target linked monitoring (DTLM) Probe for the simultaneous detection of IL-6 and CRP, two key inflammatory markers in hypertension progression.

Elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying degradation of nicosulfuron and its derivative by Klebsiella jilinsis 2N3 using multiomic analysis.

Nicosulfuron is a herbicide used in agricultural production. Its prolonged application causes significant ecological risks to soil and water environment. In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying degradation of nicosulfuron and its derivative by Klebsiella jilinsis 2N3 was determined.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) treatment triggers premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) via the activation of mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in granulosa cells.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by follicular development failure or follicular dysplasia, therefore causing the lack of normal ovarian function before 40 years of age. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite of high choline diet rich in red meat and directly associated with gut microbiota. Correlation of TMAO level with female fertility decline has been shown; however, its mechanism is largely unknown.

A Semiconducting Polymer NanoCRISPR for Near-Infrared Photoactivatable Gene Editing and Cancer Gene Therapy.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) gene editing has poor efficacy and off-target side effect concerns. We herein report a semiconducting polymer (SP)-based nanoCRISPR system to improve CRISPR delivery efficacy and allow for near-infrared (NIR) photoactivatable gene editing for cancer therapy. An amphiphilic SP acts as a photothermal converter, and its backbone is grafted with single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which enables hybridization with single guide ribonucleic acid (sgRNA) via complementary base pairing to form sgRNA/SP-DNA.

Association between nap time, nighttime sleep, and multimorbidity in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between sleep duration and multimorbidity among elderly Chinese and to determine the optimal sleep duration for preventing multimorbidity.

Methods: This study is based on data from the 2020 China Health and Elderly Care Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), which collected detailed information from 5,761elderly individuals, including demographic characteristics, sleep duration, health status, and lifestyle information. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and multimorbidity, and restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to analyze the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and multimorbidity.

Cytotoxic T-cell activation profile in critically ill children with malignancies and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Background: The early identification of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in critically ill children with malignancies is challenging. The value of an activated cytotoxic T-cell profile in diagnosing HLH in this group of patients is unknown.

Methods: Critically ill children with malignancies who suffered from persistent cytopenia in the pediatric intensive care unit were included.

Family Navigation Programs for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Family navigation (FN) programs are an integrated care delivery model for children with chronic conditions. However, there is a lack of synthesized evidence of FN programs for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This scoping review aimed to map the current evidence to describe the characteristics and synthesize the effectiveness of FN programs for children with ASD.

Unsupervised Non-Rigid Human Point Cloud Registration Based on Deformation Field Fusion.

Human point cloud registration is a critical problem in the fields of computer vision and computer graphics applications. Currently, due to the presence of joint hinges and limb occlusions in human point clouds, point cloud alignment is challenging. To address these two limits, this paper proposes an unsupervised non-rigid human point cloud registration method based on deformation field fusion.

Enhanced Lithography Performance with Imino/Imido Benzenesulfonate Photoacid Generator-Bound Polymer Resists.

The inherent acid diffusion during post-exposure baking poses significant challenges in balancing resolution, line-edge roughness, and sensitivity (RLS), thereby constraining the performance of chemically amplified photoresists (CARs) in advanced lithography. This study introduces a novel series of alkene-functionalized imino/imido benzenesulfonate photoacid generators (PAGs), characterized by their solubility, thermal stability, and polymerization attributes. These derivatives can copolymerize with acrylates and methacrylates to form PAG-bound copolymers, integrating non-ionic PAG units and acid-cleavable bulky alicyclic substituents, facilitating their use as "single-component" resists devoid of additives.

Pre- and post-diagnostic use of antihypertensive medications and stage I-III colorectal cancer survival: prospective cohort study.

Antihypertensive medications have been investigated in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific survival. To address limitations and important unanswered questions in the existing evidence, we investigated associations of pre- and post-diagnostic use of antihypertensive classes-beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, furosemide, and other antihypertensives-with CRC-specific mortality among 2,182 patients with stage I-III CRC in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study in a prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up, repeat assessments of antihypertensive use, and rigorous confounding control. Pre- and post-diagnostic use of each antihypertensive class studied was not clearly associated with stage I-III CRC survival compared with either non-users or with patients with high blood pressure who used any other antihypertensives.

Impact of body mass index on outcome of Endovascular Thrombectomy with or without Intravenous Alteplase in Acute Stroke in China：A post-hoc Analysis of DIRECT-MT Trial.

Objective: The impact of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVOS) has been a subject of controversy, mainly due to the so-called "obesity paradox". The obesity paradox refers to the phenomenon where, contrary to expectations, overweight or obese individuals seem to have better clinical outcomes in certain disease states. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and the clinical prognosis of patients with LVOS treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) combined with or without intravenous alteplase in DIRECT-MT.

Errata to "Depth Perception in Optical See-Through Augmented Reality: Investigating the Impact of Texture Density, Luminance Contrast, and Color Contrast".

In This paper, the information regarding the corresponding authors is missing. The corresponding authors of the paper should be Shining Ma and Weitao Song.

Utilizing Gaze-Contingent Rendering to Maintain Visual Attention in Educational VR.

In educational Virtual Reality (VR) environments, objects irrelevant to learning can lead to students' inattention, which adversely affects learning. However, removing these objects from virtual scenes is not feasible, as they are crucial for creating a realistic and immersive experience. Balancing the need to maintain students' attention while preserving the integrity of scenarios is a challenging task.

The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GZR18 in healthy American and Chinese adult subjects.

Aims: GZR18, a novel long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated substantial metabolic improvements in diabetic and obese animal models. The present studies aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the ascending dose of GZR18 in healthy American and Chinese subjects.

Materials And Methods: In these phases 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential, dose-escalation US and Chinese studies, healthy American and Chinese adults with similar age were enrolled to once-weekly subcutaneous injection of GZR18 or placebo.

Developing a microfluidic-based epicPCR reveals diverse potential hosts of the gene in marine cold seep.

Anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) microbes play a crucial role in the bioprocess of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). However, due to their unculturable status, their diversity is poorly understood. In this study, we established a microfluidics-based epicPCR (Emulsion, Paired Isolation, and Concatenation PCR) to fuse the 16S rRNA gene and gene to reveal the diversity of ANME microbes ( gene hosts) in three sampling push-cores from the marine cold seep.

Construction of an Evidence Ecosystem-Based Postoperative Pain Management Programme for Paediatric Patients.

Aim: To construct an evidence ecosystem-based postoperative pain management programme for children with postoperative pain management.

Design: A mixed research design that combines qualitative and quantitative studies.

Methods: According to the literature search and analysis, the postoperative pain management programme for children was constructed from three aspects: assessment of pain intensity of children, management principles and management methods, and the preliminary draft of the programme was finally constructed to include three first-level entries and 11 second-level entries.