Deciphering the Sulfur-Involved Bonding Interactions in Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile: The Formation Thermodynamics and the Roles in Electrochemical Characteristics.

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) exhibits a very high cycle stability by overcoming the shuttle effect of conventional Li-S batteries. However, there are still controversies in SPAN about the bonding types of sulfur with the matrix, their critical synthesis temperature regions, and their roles in the electrochemical lithium storage reaction, seriously hindering the economical synthesis of SPAN, the optimization of performances, and the exploration of other SPAN-like alternatives. The key to solving the above problems lies in accurate measurements of the thermodynamic evolution of bonding interactions in the synthesis process as well as in the electrochemical process.

Enhanced Basal-Plane Catalytic Activity of MoS by Constructing an Electron Bridge for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

MoS is a promising sulfur host material for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, but its low conductivity and limited active edge sites largely inhibit the catalytic activity toward the conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, we propose an electron bridge strategy by combining interlayer structure modification and electronic modulation to activate the basal-plane catalytic activity of MoS for the highly efficient catalytic conversion of LiPSs. As validated by experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations, the proposed strategy not only creates a conductive network but also induces delocalized electron redistribution within the MoS basal planes, leading to facilitated interfacial charge transfer kinetics and accelerated LiPSs redox kinetics.

Ultrasonic wind vector measurement based on quadratic correlation two-frequency phase method.

A proposed method for measuring ultrasonic wind speed and direction utilizes the quadratic correlation phase method to address limited range issues and low measurement accuracy associated with the phase difference method when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. First, the proposed method uses quadratic correlation method combined with the four-step phase shift method to estimate the phase difference based on wind measuring structure of the opposing-type Array Structures. Then, the two-frequency phase difference method extends the measurement range of ultrasonic wind speed and direction.

Quantitative Identification of Dopant Occupation in Li-Rich Cathodes.

Elemental doping is widely used to improve the performance of cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries. However, macroscopic/statistical investigation on how doping sites are distributed in the material lattice, despite being a key prerequisite for understanding and manipulating the doping effect, has not been effectively established. Herein, to solve this predicament, a universal strategy is proposed to quantitatively identify the locations of Al and Mg dopants in lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs).

Caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides halt B16 melanoma metastatic tumours via expanding cDC1 and reprogramming tumour macrophages.

Background: Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs) such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, has revolutionised cancer treatment, although response rates vary among patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that caerin 1.1 and 1.

Flexible Soft X-Ray Image Sensors based on Metal Halide Perovskites With High Quantum Efficiency.

Soft X-ray imaging is a powerful tool to explore the structure of cells, probe material with nanometer resolution, and investigate the energetic phenomena in the universe. Conventional soft X-ray image sensors are by and large Si-based charge coupled devices that suffer from low frame rates, complex fabrication processes, mechanical inflexibility, and required cooling below -60 °C. Here, a soft X-ray photodiode is reported based on low-cost metal halide perovskite with comparable performance to commercial Si-based device.

Improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by host-defence caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of cancer, yet only a limited number of patients respond to such treatments. This is largely attributed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which diminishes the effectiveness of immunotherapy.

Microstructure evolution, dielectric properties, and nonlinear response of Na-doped CdCuTiO ceramics.

In this study, Cd Na CuTiO ( = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.

Classification of anatomy and treatment approaches for aneurysms originating from the proximal of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery in clinical settings.

Objective: To explore the spatial relationship between A1 segment proximal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms and their main trunks, classify them anatomically and develop targeted treatment strategies.

Methods: This single-center retrospective analysis involved 39 patients diagnosed with aneurysms originating from the proximal of A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (2014-2023). Classify the patient's aneurysm into 5 types based on the location of the neck involving the carrier artery and the spatial relationship and projection direction of the aneurysm body with the carrier artery, and outcomes from treatment methods were compared.

FOSL2-mediated transcription of ISG20 induces M2 polarization of macrophages and enhances tumorigenic ability of glioblastoma cells.

Background: Interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20 (ISG20) has been reported to be correlated with macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma (GBM) in previous bioinformatics-based studies. This study explores the exact effect of ISG20 on macrophage polarization in GBM.

Methods: ISG20 expression in GBM tissues and cells was determined by RT-qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry.

Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of mouse ovarian antral follicles following oral exposure to a human-relevant mixture of three phthalates.

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) are used in personal and medical care products. In the ovary, antral follicles are essential for steroidogenesis and ovulation. DBP, BBP, and DEHP are known to inhibit mouse antral follicle growth and ovulation in vitro, and associate with decreased antral follicle counts in women.

In Situ Construction of Highly Dispersed Pd on Cobalt Nanoparticle on Hollow Functional Cubic Graphene by Double Framework for ORR.

Developing advanced functional carbon materials is essential for electrocatalysis, caused by their vast merits for boosting many key energy conversion reactions. Herein, the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is utilized on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the template, under the controllable metal atoms thermal migration process successfully in situ constructs Pd-Co alloy nanoparticles on hollow cubic graphene. The electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) evaluation showed excellent performances with a half-wave potential of 0.

Host-defence caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides suppress glioblastoma U87 and U118 cell proliferation through the modulation of mitochondrial respiration and induce the downregulation of CHI3L1.

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain cancer, poses a significant global health challenge with a considerable mortality rate. With the predicted increase in glioblastoma incidence, there is an urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. In this study, we explore the potential of caerin 1.

Histone lactylation regulates autophagy of hyperplastic scar fibroblasts by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of phosphatase and tensin homologue.

Hyperplastic scar (HS) is an overreaction of tissue to skin injury caused by local fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen production. Histone posttranslational modification patterns are important epigenetic processes that control various biological activities. This study was designed to investigate the effects of histone lactylation on HS and the underlying mechanism.

Long-lived proteins and DNA as candidate predictive biomarkers for tissue associated diseases.

Protein turnover is an important mechanism to maintain proteostasis. Long-lived proteins (LLPs) are vulnerable to lose their function due to time-accumulated damages. In this study we employed stable isotope labeling in mice from birth to postnatal day 89.

Dynamical evolution of CO and HO on garnet electrolyte elucidated by ambient pressure X-ray spectroscopies.

Garnet-type LiLaZrTaO (LLZO) is considered a promising solid electrolyte, but the surface degradation in air hinders its application for all-solid-state battery. Recent studies have mainly focused on the final products of the LLZO surface reactions due to lacking of powerful in situ characterization methods. Here, we use ambient pressure X-ray spectroscopies to in situ investigate the dynamical evolution of LLZO surface in different gas environments.

Universal Intercalation/Alloying Hybrid Mechanism with -ICOHP Criterion in MAX Toward Steadily Ascending Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Profiting from the unique atomic laminated structure, metallic conductivity, and superior mechanical properties, transition metal carbides and nitrides named MAX phases have shown great potential as anodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, the complexity of MAX configurations poses a challenge. To accelerate such application, a minus integrated crystal orbital Hamilton populations descriptor is innovatively proposed to rapidly evaluate the lithium storage potential of various MAX, along with density functional theory computations.

Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes promote wound healing by regulating the let-7i-5p/GAS7 axis.

Background: Injury to skin tissue is devastating for human health, making it imperative to devise strategies for hastening wound healing. Normal wound healing is a complex process comprising overlapping steps, including hemostasis, inflammatory response, proliferation, and matrix remodeling. This study investigated the effects of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-exos) on wound healing and the underlying mechanisms.

D-pinitol alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting the optineurin-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and glycophagy signaling pathway.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important complication resulting in heart failure and death of diabetic patients. However, there is no effective drug for treatments. This study investigated the effect of D-pinitol (DP) on cardiac injury using diabetic mice and glycosylation injury of cardiomyocytes and its molecular mechanisms.

Hypoxia Affects Mitochondrial Stress and Facilitates Tumor Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Through Slug SUMOylation.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor. Slug has been found to display a key role in diversified cancers, but its relevant regulatory mechanisms in CRC development are not fully explored.

Objective: Hence, exploring the function and regulatory mechanisms of Slug is critical for the treatment of CRC.

Proteomic analysis of anti-MRSA activity of caerin 1.1/1.9 in a murine skin infection model and their anti-biofilm effects against .

Caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9, natural antimicrobial peptides derived from tree frogs, have demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, comparable to certain widely used antibiotics.

Integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses reveal co-exposure effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cadmium on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.).

Cadmium (Cd) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are prominent soil contaminants found in industrial sites, and their combined effects on plants are not yet fully understood. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the co-exposure of Cd and PAHs and identify key biomarkers for their co-effects, an integrated analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics was conducted on ryegrass leaves cultivated in soil. In nontarget metabolomics analysis, nine differentially expressed metabolites that were specifically induced by the compound exposure were identified.

Discovery of novel and selective SIK2 inhibitors by the application of AlphaFold structures and generative models.

Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) has been recognized as a potential target for anti-inflammation and anti-cancer therapy. In this paper, based on the binding pose of the reported compound (GLPG-3970, 3) with AlphaFold protein structure, a series of hinge cores were generated via AI-generative models (Chemistry42). After the molecular docking, synthesis, and biological evaluation, a hit molecule (7f) targeting SIK2 was obtained with a novel scaffold.

Human-relevant exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate tampers with the ovarian insulin-like growth factor 1 system and disrupts folliculogenesis in young adult mice.

Phthalates are compounds used in consumer and medical products worldwide. Phthalate exposure in women has been demonstrated by detection of phthalate metabolites in their urine and ovarian follicular fluid. High urinary phthalate burden has been associated with reduced ovarian reserve and oocyte retrieval in women undergoing assisted reproduction.