Restorative Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Corneal Homeostasis Disrupted by Antibiotic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial regulatory role in various physiological processes, yet its impact on corneal homeostasis remains insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate the effects of antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis (AIGD) and germ-free conditions on circadian gene expression, barrier integrity, nerve density, and immune cell activity in the corneas of mice. Through RNA sequencing, we found that both AIGD and germ-free conditions significantly disrupted the overall transcriptomic profile and circadian transcriptomic oscillations in the cornea.

Structural Elucidation and NMR Spectral Assignments of New Diphenyl Ether Derivatives From Liuweizhiji Gegen-Sangshen Oral Liquid.

Chemical investigation of the Liuweizhiji Gegen-Sangshen oral liquid afforded one new diphenyl ether derivative (1), together with one known compound (2). Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by ECD calculation. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for the cytotoxic activities, and compounds 1 and 2 showed weak cytotoxic activities towards HepG2 human liver cancer cells, with IC values of 97.

Ren-Shen-Bu-Qi decoction alleviates exercise fatigue through activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway in mice.

Background: Fatigue is a prevalent issue that can lead individuals to a sub-health condition, impacting their work efficiency and quality of life. There are limited effective treatment options available for fatigue. Ren-Shen-Bu-Qi decoction (RSBQD) is a proprietary herbal remedy that is designed to address fatigue.

Z-ligustilide alleviates atherosclerosis by reconstructing gut microbiota and sustaining gut barrier integrity through activation of cannabinoid receptor 2.

Background: Z-Ligustilide (ZL) is an essential phthalide found in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for treating atherosclerosis (AS) clinically. ZL has been shown to be effective in treating AS. However, the underlying mechanism of ZL against AS and its potential targets remain elusive.

Ge-Zhi-Jie-Jiu decoction alleviates alcoholic liver disease through multiple signaling pathways.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a growing public health concern caused by excessive alcohol consumption, but effective treatments are limited. Ge-Zhi-Jie-Jiu decoction (JJY) is a modified traditional Chinese herbal remedy that aims to alleviate ALD. This formula contains various components such as Ge Hua, Ge Gen, Zhi Ju Zi, and other medicinal-food herbs.

Comprehensive analysis of splicing factor SRs-related gene characteristics: predicting osteosarcoma prognosis and immune regulation status.

Objective: To investigate the impact of SRs-related genes on the overall survival and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients through bulk and single-cell RNA-seq transcriptome analysis.

Methods: In this study, we constructed a prognosis model based on serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SRs) and predicted the survival of osteosarcoma patients. By analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data and applying AUCell enrichment analysis, we revealed oncogenic pathways of SRs in osteosarcoma immune cells.

The role of RRS1 in breast cancer cells metastasis and AEG-1/AKT/c-Myc signaling pathway.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Recurrence, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance are the main causes of death in breast cancer patients. The inhibition of breast cancer metastasis is of great significance for prolonging its survival.

Identification of novel biomarkers for lupus nephritis.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is an autoimmune disease that rapidly progresses as a secondary consequence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and has a very poor prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to identify characteristics of immune cell infiltration and investigate potential therapeutic targets using bioinformatics methods and the Murphy Roths Large/lymphoproliferation (MRL/lpr) mouse model. In this study, a total of 2,810 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were primarily enriched in inflammatory and immune regulation pathways.

Cordyceps: Alleviating ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injury - A comprehensive review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cordyceps has a long medicinal history as a nourishing herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), including cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) and myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), are major contributors to mortality and disability in humans. Numerous studies have indicated that Cordyceps or its artificial substitutes have significant bioactivity on ischemic CCVDs, however, there is a lack of relevant reviews.

The Cd resistant mechanism of Proteus mirabilis Ch8 through immobilizing and detoxifying.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious global environmental problem, which requires a global concern and practical solutions. Microbial remediation has received widespread attention owing to advantages, such as environmental friendliness and soil amelioration. However, Cd toxicity also severely deteriorates the remediation performance of functional microorganisms.

Wild Cordyceps proteins reinforce intestinal epithelial barrier through MAPK/NF-κB pathway in MRL/lpr mice.

Objectives: The effects of wild Cordyceps proteins (WCPs) on the gut microbiota and the immune system of MRL/lpr mice were studied.

Methods: The effects of WCP on serum metabolic indexes (total triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) content was measured by a biochemical analyzer. CD4+, CD8+ cells, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal barrier function in MRL/lpr mice were measured by flow cytometry, 16S ribosomal RNA, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR.

Cordyceps as potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the challenges in managing atherosclerosis, researchers continue to investigate new treatments and complementary therapies. Cordyceps is a traditional Chinese medicine that has recently gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis.

Preimmunization with Listeria-vectored cervical cancer vaccine candidate strains can establish specific T-cell immune memory and prevent tumorigenesis.

Background: Although HPV prophylactic vaccines can provide effective immune protection against high-risk HPV infection, studies have shown that the protective effect provided by them would decrease with the increased age of vaccination, and they are not recommended for those who are not in the appropriate age range for vaccination. Therefore, in those people who are not suitable for HPV prophylactic vaccines, it is worth considering establishing memory T-cell immunity to provide long-term immune surveillance and generate a rapid response against lesional cells to prevent tumorigenesis.

Methods: In this study, healthy mice were preimmunized with LM∆E6E7 and LI∆E6E7, the two Listeria-vectored cervical cancer vaccine candidate strains constructed previously by our laboratory, and then inoculated with tumor cells 40 d later.

Stress systems exacerbate the inflammatory response after corneal abrasion in sleep-deprived mice via the IL-17 signaling pathway.

Sleep deprivation (SD) has a wide range of adverse health effects. However, the mechanisms by which SD influences corneal pathophysiology and its post-wound healing remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the basic physiological characteristics of the cornea in mice subjected to SD and determine the pathophysiological response to injury after corneal abrasion.

TRPV1 sensory nerves suppress conjunctival inflammation via SST-SSTR5 signaling in murine allergic conjunctivitis.

Allergic conjunctivitis (AC), an allergen-induced ocular inflammatory disease, primarily involves mast cells (MCs) and eosinophils. The role of neuroimmune mechanisms in AC, however, remains to be elucidated. We investigated the effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-positive sensory nerve ablation (using resiniferatoxin) and TRPV1 blockade (using Acetamide, N-[4-[[6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]-2-benzothiazolyl] (AMG-517)) on ovalbumin-induced conjunctival allergic inflammation in mice.

Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis of Antialgal Fluorinated Bacillamide Derivatives in .

The bacillamides are a class of indole alkaloids produced by the genus that possess significant antialgal activity. Incorporation of fluorine into the bacillamides was carried out using a precursor-directed biosynthesis approach, with 4-, 5-, and 6-fluorotryptophan added to growing cultures of IMG-11. This yielded the corresponding fluorinated analogues of bacillamides A and C, in addition to new derivatives of the related metabolite -acetyltryptamine, thus demonstrating a degree of plasticity in the bacillamide biosynthetic pathway.

Transcriptome and proteomics conjoint analysis reveal anti-alcoholic liver injury effect of Dianhong Black Tea volatile substances.

Dianhong Black Tea, a fermented tea containing various bioactive ingredients, has been found to have a significant role in alleviating alcoholic liver injury (ALI). One of its main unique components, Dianhong Black Tea volatile substances (DBTVS), may have potential anti-ALI effects. However, its effects and underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown.

Segment anything model for medical images?

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is the first foundation model for general image segmentation. It has achieved impressive results on various natural image segmentation tasks. However, medical image segmentation (MIS) is more challenging because of the complex modalities, fine anatomical structures, uncertain and complex object boundaries, and wide-range object scales.

From bacteria to biomedicine: Developing therapies exploiting NAD metabolism.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) serves as a critical cofactor in cellular metabolism and redox reactions. Bacterial pathways rely on NAD participation, where its stability and concentration govern essential homeostasis and functions. This review delves into the role and metabolic regulation of NAD in bacteria, highlighting its influence on physiology and virulence.