CD39 expression defines exhausted CD4 T cells associated with poor survival and immune evasion in human gastric cancer.

Objectives: CD4 T cell helper and regulatory function in human cancers has been well characterised. However, the definition of tumor-infiltrating CD4 T cell exhaustion and how it contributes to the immune response and disease progression in human gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown.

Methods: A total of 128 GC patients were enrolled in the study.

CD39 identifies an exhausted tumor-reactive CD8 T cell population associated with tumor progression in human gastric cancer.

The ectonucleotidase CD39 has been regarded as a promising immune checkpoint in solid tumors. However, the expression of CD39 by tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells as well as their potential roles and clinical implications in human gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. Here, we found that GC-infiltrating CD8 T cells contained a fraction of CD39 cells that constituted about 6.

Evaluation of a recombinant five-antigen Staphylococcus aureus vaccine: The randomized, single-centre phase 1a/1b clinical trials.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes hospital and community infections. To control Staphylococcus aureus infection and reduce the usage of antibiotics, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant five-antigen Staphylococcus aureus vaccine (rFSAV) in healthy adults.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1a study and a randomized, open-label phase 1b study.

FasL PD-L2 Identifies a Novel Immunosuppressive Neutrophil Population in Human Gastric Cancer That Promotes Disease Progression.

Neutrophils constitute abundant cellular components in human gastric cancer (GC) tissues, but their protumorigenic subset in pathogenesis of GC progression is unclear. Here, it is found that patients with GC show significantly higher neutrophil infiltration in tumors that is regulated by CXCL12-CXCR4 chemotaxis. These tumor-infiltrating neutrophils express high level immunosuppressive molecules FasL and PD-L2, and this FasL PD-L2 neutrophil subset with a unique phenotype constitutes at least 20% of all neutrophils in advanced GC and predicts poor patient survival.

Distribution, phenotype, functional and clinical relevance of CD8CD103 tissue-resident memory T cells in human gastric cancer.

CD8CD103 tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) are involved in tumor immune response and linked to favorable clinical outcome in human cancer. However, the distribution, phenotype, functional properties and clinical relevance of these cells in gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive. Here, our data show that, in comparison to non-tumor tissues, the percentages of CD8CD103 TRMs in tumors are significantly decreased.

Helicobacter pylori-induced REDD1 modulates Th17 cell responses that contribute to gastritis.

Objective: Regulated in development and DNA damage responses-1 (REDD1) is a conserved and ubiquitous protein, which is induced in response to multiple stimuli. However, the regulation, function and clinical relevance of REDD1 in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis are presently unknown.

Approach: Immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to examine the levels of REDD1 in gastric samples from H.

Activated neutrophils polarize protumorigenic interleukin-17A-producing T helper subsets through TNF-α-B7-H2-dependent pathway in human gastric cancer.

Rationale: Neutrophils constitute massive cellular constituents in inflammatory human gastric cancer (GC) tissues, but their roles in pathogenesis of inflammatory T helper (Th) subsets are still unknown.

Methods: Flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the responses and phenotypes of neutrophils in different samples from 51 patients with GC. Kaplan-Meier plots and Multivariate analysis for the survival of patients were used by log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models.

Expression, regulation and clinical significance of B7-H3 on neutrophils in human gastric cancer.

Neutrophils are conspicuous components of gastric cancer (GC) tumors, increasing with tumor progression and poor patient survival. However, the phenotype, regulation and clinical relevance of neutrophils in human GC are presently unknown. Most intratumoral neutrophils showed an activated CD54 phenotype and expressed high level B7-H3.

L-Plastin Promotes Gastric Cancer Growth and Metastasis in a -ERK-SP1-Dependent Manner.

Actin cytoskeleton dynamic rearrangement is required for tumor cell metastasis and is a key characteristic of ()-infected host cells. Actin cytoskeleton modulation is coordinated by multiple actin-binding proteins (ABP). Through Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genomes database, GEPIA website, and real-time PCR data, we found that infection significantly induced L-plastin, a key ABP, in gastric cancer cells.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Activated Neutrophils Express B7-H4 That Correlates with Gastric Cancer Progression and Poor Patient Survival.

Neutrophils are prominent components of gastric cancer (GC) tumors and exhibit distinct phenotypes in GC environment. However, the phenotype, regulation, and clinical relevance of neutrophils in human GC are presently unknown. Here, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and flow cytometry analyses were performed to examine levels and phenotype of neutrophils in samples from 41 patients with GC, and also isolated, stimulated, and/or cultured neutrophils for regulation assays.

Upexpression of BHLHE40 in gastric epithelial cells increases CXCL12 production through interaction with p-STAT3 in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis.

BHLHE40, a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family, has been reported to play an important role in inflammatory diseases. However, the regulation and function of BHLHE40 in Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-associated gastritis is unknown. We observed that gastric BHLHE40 was significantly elevated in patients and mice with H pylori infection.

Secukinumab attenuates reactive astrogliosis via IL-17RA/(C/EBPβ)/SIRT1 pathway in a rat model of germinal matrix hemorrhage.

Aims: Reactive astrogliosis plays a critical role in neurological deficits after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). It has been reported that interleukin-17A and IL-17A receptor IL-17RA/(C/EBPβ)/SIRT1 signaling pathway enhances reactive astrogliosis after brain injuries. We evaluated the effects of secukinumab on reactive astrogliosis in a rat pup model of GMH.

Fabrication of Porous Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites and Their Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance.

In this paper, a solvent vapor-induced phase separation (SVIPS) technique was used to create a porous structure in polyvinylidene fluoride/Multi-walled carbon nanotube (PVDF/MWNTs) composites with the aim of increasing the electrical conductivity through the incorporation of MWNTs while retaining a low thermal conductivity. By using the dimethylformamide/acetone mixture, porous networks could be generated in the PVDF/MWNTs composites upon the rapid volatilization of acetone. The electrical conductivity was gradually enhanced by the addition of MWNTs.

-induced matrix metallopeptidase-10 promotes gastric bacterial colonization and gastritis.

The interaction between gastric epithelium and immune response plays key roles in -associated pathology. We demonstrated a procolonization and proinflammation role of MMP-10 in infection. MMP-10 is elevated in gastric mucosa and is produced by gastric epithelial cells synergistically induced by and IL-22 via the ERK pathway.

Decreased IL-17RB expression impairs CD11bCD11c myeloid cell accumulation in gastric mucosa and host defense during the early-phase of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Interleukin-17 receptor B (IL-17RB), a member of the IL-17 receptor family activated by IL-17B/IL-17E, has been shown to be involved in inflammatory diseases. However, the regulation and function of IL-17RB in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, especially in the early-phase is still unknown.

Abrogation of cathepsin C by Helicobacter pylori impairs neutrophil activation to promote gastric infection.

Cathepsin C (CtsC) functions as a central coordinator for activation of many serine proteases in immune cells. However, CtsC expression in gastric epithelial cells and its role in Helicobacter pylori infection remain unclear. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses identified that CtsC was decreased in gastric mucosa of H.

Degranulation of mast cells induced by gastric cancer-derived adrenomedullin prompts gastric cancer progression.

Mast cells are prominent components of solid tumors and exhibit distinct phenotypes in different tumor microenvironments. However, their precise mechanism of communication in gastric cancer remains largely unclear. Here, we found that patients with GC showed a significantly higher mast cell infiltration in tumors.

Altered NKp30, NKp46, NKG2D, and DNAM-1 Expression on Circulating NK Cells Is Associated with Tumor Progression in Human Gastric Cancer.

Natural killer (NK) cell activity is influenced by a complex integration of signaling pathways activated downstream of both activating and inhibitory surface receptors. The tumor microenvironment can suppress NK cell activity, and there is a great clinical interest in understanding whether modulating tumor-mediated NK cell suppression and/or boosting preexisting NK cell numbers in cancer patients is therapeutically viable. To this light, we characterized the surface receptor phenotypes of peripheral blood NK cells and examined their clinical relevance to human gastric cancer (GC).

An immunopotentiator, ophiopogonin D, encapsulated in a nanoemulsion as a robust adjuvant to improve vaccine efficacy.

Unlabelled: As an ingredient of vaccines, adjuvants are indispensable for enhancing and directly inducing robust and extensive adaptive immune responses associated with vaccine antigens. In this study, we initially determined that a new molecular immunopotentiator, ophiopogonin D (OP-D), enhanced the antibody response to antigen. Because OP-D has certain disadvantages, including poor solubility, we next encapsulated OP-D in a nanoemulsion adjuvant (nanoemulsion-encapsulated OP-D, NOD) using low-energy emulsification methods.

Aging exacerbates mortality of pneumonia and reduces the efficacies of antibiotics and vaccine.

Pneumonia caused by has become a serious threat to the elderly. However, there are no experimental studies on the relevance between aging and infections. Here, we established an aged pneumonia mouse model by non-invasive intratracheal inoculation with .

CD45CD33CD11b myeloid-derived suppressor cells suppress CD8 T cell activity via the IL-6/IL-8-arginase I axis in human gastric cancer.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a prominent component of the pro-tumoral response. The phenotype of and mechanisms used by MDSCs is heterogeneous and requires more precise characterization in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Here, we have identified a novel subset of CD45CD33CD11b MDSCs in the peripheral blood of GC patients compared to healthy individuals.

Helicobacter pylori-induced IL-33 modulates mast cell responses, benefits bacterial growth, and contributes to gastritis.

Interleukin (IL)-induced inflammatory responses are critical for the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastritis. IL-33 represents a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine involved in inflammatory diseases, but its relevance to H.

Modulation of CD8 memory stem T cell activity and glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibition enhances anti-tumoral immunity in gastric cancer.

The potential contributions of CD8 memory stem T cells to anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy responses in gastric cancer has not been demonstrated. We found that CD8 memory stem T cell frequencies were increased in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients compared to healthy donors and declined in frequency with disease progression. Despite minimal cytotoxic activity, the adoptive transfer of CD8 memory stem T cells into Rag1 tumor bearing mice enhanced tumor regression compared to CD8 central or effector memory T cell counterparts.

Immune response effects of diverse vaccine antigen attachment ways based on the self-made nanoemulsion adjuvant in systemic MRSA infection.

Nanoemulsion adjuvants-based vaccines have potent induced immune responses against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infection. However, the efficacies and immune responses of different antigen-attaching ways on self-made nanoemulsion adjuvants remain unknown. In this study, we designed three formulations of nanoemulsion adjuvants (encapsulation, mixture, and combination) to explore their immune response-enhancing effects and their underlying mechanism in a systemic infection model of MRSA.