Incidence and risk factors associated with negative postoperative behavioral changes in children undergoing painless gastroscopy.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of and risk factors associated with negative postoperative behavioral changes (NPOBCs) in children undergoing painless gastroscopy.

Methods: Inclusion criteria: ASA I-II and outpatients aged 6-12 years undergoing painless gastroscopy.

Exclusion Criteria: history of surgery or anesthesia, children with developmental or intellectual abnormalities, refusal to participate, preoperative abdominal pain score > 3 points, history of chronic abdominal pain of > 3 months duration, and serious intraoperative complications.