Maternal high-fat diet exacerbates atherosclerosis development in offspring through epigenetic memory.

Maternal exposure to a Western-type diet (WD) increases the susceptibility of adult offspring to atherosclerosis, partly because fetal endothelial cells (ECs) become dysfunctional and inflamed due to risk factors transmitted via maternal-fetal blood exchange. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that maternal WD accelerates atherogenesis in adult offspring mice by regulating chromatin dynamics through activator protein-1 (AP-1) in aortic ECs, inducing inflammatory memory at the chromatin level.

Circulating short-chain and branched short-chain fatty acids and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the 4C study.

Previous studies suggested that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are associated with glucose regulation. However, the potential relationship between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with incident diabetes risk in both men and women remains unidentified in prospective cohort studies. In this study, we examined a panel of nine serum SCFAs and BCFAs in 3414 subjects with incident diabetes, and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort study.

Fortification of cricket and silkworm pupae powders to improve nutritional quality and digestibility of rice noodles.

To improve the nutritional value and biofunctionalities of traditional rice noodles, this study focused on the effects of incorporating cricket powder (CP) and silkworm pupae powder (SP) on the protein content and digestibility, starch digestibility, and antioxidant potential, as well as the sensory and cooking qualities of rice noodles. Compared to the control (4.96 % and 63.

Detection of hypochlorous acid fluctuation via a near-infrared fluorescent probe in Parkinson's disease cells and mouse models.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by excessive reactive halogen species leading to the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, which disrupts the coordination of normal physiological structures and functions. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a reactive halogen species whose overproduction is associated with the death of DA neurons. Herein, overproduction of HOCl may be a neurotoxin substance in the pathogenesis of PD.

Gut Microbiota-Butyrate-PPARγ Axis Modulates Adipose Regulatory T Cell Population.

Gut microbiota is essential for the function of peripherally-induced regulatory T (pTreg) cells. However, how commensal bacteria affect thymically derived fat-resident Treg cells that harbor a unique expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and suppress inflammation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is not well defined. Here it is revealed that microbiota depletion causes a drastic decline in Treg cell population in VAT, particularly those expressing ST2 (ST2 Treg), which are largely restored after gut microbiome reconstruction.

A gain-of-function variant in RICTOR predisposes to human obesity.

mTORC1/2 play central roles as signaling hubs of cell growth and metabolism and are therapeutic targets for several diseases. However, the human genetic evidence linking mutations of mTORC1/2 to obesity remains elusive. Using whole-exome sequencing of 1,944 cases with severe obesity and 2,161 healthy lean controls, we identify a rare RICTOR p.

Quality identification of using E-nose, HS-GC-IMS, and intelligent data fusion methods.

(AF) has been used for both medicinal and food purposes for centuries. However, issues such as source mixing, substandard quality, and product adulteration often affect its efficacy. This study used E-nose (EN) and headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) to determine and analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in AF and its counterfeit products.

A novel mitochondria-targeted near-infrared metal-free fluorescence probe for detecting carbon monoxide in atherosclerosis.

The early stage of atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by explosion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria and inflammatory reaction, and then abundant ROS further promote the progress of AS. As an endogenous signal biomolecule with antioxidant properties, carbon monoxide (CO) is enriched in mitochondria to combat oxidative stress, thereby significantly increasing during the pathogenesis of AS. However, there is currently no mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescence probe for detecting CO in atherosclerosis.

Post sleeve gastrectomy-enriched gut commensal Clostridia promotes secondary bile acid increase and weight loss.

The gut microbiome is altered after bariatric surgery and is associated with weight loss. However, the commensal bacteria involved and the underlying mechanism remain to be determined. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing in obese subjects before and longitudinally after sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and found a significant enrichment in microbial species in Clostridia and bile acid metabolizing genes after SG treatment.

Quality Consistency Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Pharmacology of Pheretima aspergillum Dispensing Granules and Traditional Decoction Based on HPLC, GC-IMS, and Animal Experiments.

This study investigates the consistency of quality between the traditional decoction (TD) of Pheretima aspergillum and its dispensing granule decoction (DGD) by examining their chemical composition and antithrombotic efficacy. We first determined the nucleoside components, protein content, and volatile compounds in 10 batches of TD and 9 batches of DGD sourced from three manufacturers using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-vis spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Next, we assessed antithrombotic efficacy by measuring the relative length of tail thrombosis and calculating the thrombus inhibition rates at 24 and 48 h.

Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation in patients with overweight/obese type 2 diabetes: Efficacy depends on its baseline levels in the gut.

Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising target for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but human studies are limited. We conducted a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 58 participants with overweight or obese T2D, who received A. muciniphila (AKK-WST01) or placebo, along with routine lifestyle guidance.

Targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Nowadays postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is the mainstay for clinical treatment of breast cancer. However, the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in breast cancer has become a main reason for the failure of clinical chemotherapy.

Assessment of Serum Metabolism and Eicosanoid Profiling in Pediatric Asthma and Bronchiolitis via Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Background: Asthma, a prevalent chronic inflammatory respiratory disease among children, was the focus of this study. Serum metabolism profiles were examined in patients diagnosed with both asthma and bronchiolitis by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Methods: In this study, the serum samples from three distinct groups-comprising patients diagnosed with asthma, bronchiolitis, and a healthy control group-underwent comprehensive non-targeted metabolomics analysis and targeted eicosanoid profiling.

Hollow Porous CoSe/ZnSe@MXene Anode with Multilevel Built-in Electric Fields for High-Performance Sodium Ion Capacitors.

Sodium ion capacitors (SICs) are promising candidates in energy storage for their remarkable power and energy density. However, the inherent disparity in dynamic behavior between the sluggish battery-type anodes and the rapid capacitor-type cathodes constrained their performance. To address this, we fabricated a hollow porous CoSe/ZnSe@MXene anode featuring multiheterostructure, utilizing facile etching and electrostatic self-assembly strategies.

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) promote autophagy in buffalo sertoli cells.

Sertoli cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in spermatogenesis, with autophagy modulation being an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting spermatogenic cells against apoptosis. The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family are transcriptional regulators of autophagy. This study investigated the relationship between BET inhibition and autophagy in buffalo SCs.

Molecular dynamics investigation of epoxy resin adsorption mechanisms on clay surfaces and the mechanical properties of epoxy resin-clay.

The strength of natural clay can be improved with epoxy resins. However, nanoscale curing mechanisms remain poorly understood, which is essential for enhancing stability. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was employed to calculate the quantity of interface hydrogen bonds, adsorption energy, radius of gyration, and mechanical properties of clay cured by diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin (DGEBA), diglycidyl ether 4,4'-dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone (DGEDDS), and Aliphatic epoxidation of olefin resin (AEOR).

SPRR1B+ keratinocytes prime oral mucosa for rapid wound healing via STAT3 activation.

Oral mucosal wounds exhibit accelerated healing with reduced scarring compared to cutaneous wounds, representing an optimal wound healing paradigm. However, the specific cellular subtypes orchestrating the efficient healing of mucosal tissues remain elusive. Through a comprehensive analysis integrating bulk-mRNA and single-cell sequencing data during the wound healing process in oral mucosa and skin, we have delineated a distinct set of genes markedly upregulated during tissue repair.

Hepatic Dyrk1b impairs systemic glucose homeostasis by modulating Wbp2 expression in a kinase activity-dependent manner.

Patients with gain-of-function mutations of Dyrk1b have higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. However, the role of Dyrk1b in glucose metabolism is not fully elucidated. Herein, we found that hepatic Dyrk1b overexpression in mice impaired systemic glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin signaling.

Optimization of Heat-Moisture Treatment Conditions for High-Amylose Starch and Its Application in High-Resistant Starch Triticale Noodles.

Heat-moisture treatment (HMT) is a widely used method for modifying starch properties with the potential to reduce the digestibility of high-amylose starch (HAS). This study aimed to optimize the HMT conditions for HAS and apply the resulting HMT-HAS to triticale noodles to develop low-glycemic-index products. HMT significantly increased the resistant starch (RS) content and decreased the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content of HAS.

Structure Remodeling Strategy for Open-Cage NiFe@Fe-bis-PBA with Enhanced Peroxidase-like Activity To Monitor Tumor Markers.

The inherent metal elements and structures of Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanozymes have restricted their enzyme-mimicking activity. Therefore, the rational regulation of PBA nanozymes to improve their catalytic activity is highly desirable for biosensing applications. Herein, we propose a structure remodeling strategy to construct an open-cage Fe PBA-anchored NiFePBA (NiFe@Fe bis-PBA) nanozyme with significantly enhanced enzyme-mimicking activity.

A brain-to-gut signal controls intestinal fat absorption.

Although fat is a crucial source of energy in diets, excessive intake leads to obesity. Fat absorption in the gut is prevailingly thought to occur organ-autonomously by diffusion. Whether the process is controlled by the brain-to-gut axis, however, remains largely unknown.

One of the major challenges of masking the bitter taste in medications: an overview of quantitative methods for bitterness.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic research on bitterness quantification to provide a reference for scholars and pharmaceutical developers to carry out drug taste masking research. Significance: The bitterness of medications poses a significant concern for clinicians and patients. Scientifically measuring the intensity of drug bitterness is pivotal for enhancing drug palatability and broadening their clinical utility.