Ghrelin improves cognition via activation of the cAMP- CREB signalling pathway in depressed male C57BL/6J mice.

Background: Depression leads to a cognitive decline and decreases in ghrelin are observed in depression. Ghrelin affects the level of Brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) through the cAMP-CREB signalling pathway, and lower BDNF levels lead to cognitive decline. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that in depression, lower ghrelin causes a decrease in BDNF levels and cognitive decline though the cAMP- CREB signalling pathway.

Broilers' head behavior as an early warning index of production and lung health under ammonia exposure.

This study investigated the effects of ammonia exposure (0, 15, 25, and 35 ppm) on head behavior, production performance and lung tissue morphology of broilers, and the relationship between head behavior, production performance, and lung tissue injury. In this experiment, a total of 264 AA commercial male broilers (21 d old) were assigned to 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 11 chickens for a 21-day trial period, the frequency of head-scratching and head-shaking behavior at the initial stage (2, 24, and 72 h) of ammonia exposure were recorded, and the production performance indices and the lung pathological changes after 21 d of ammonia exposure were observed. The correlation analysis was established between head behavior and production performance indices.

Ammonia induce lung tissue injury in broilers by activating NLRP3 inflammasome via Escherichia/Shigella.

Respiratory tract diseases are closely related to atmosphere pollution. Ammonia is one of the harmful pollutants in the atmosphere environment, which has a great threat to human and animal respiratory tract health, but the mechanism of causing diseases is not clear. In this study, broiler lung tissue was used as a model to study the effect of high ammonia on respiratory tract diseases through the relationship between respiratory microflora, NLRP3 inflammasome, and inflammatory factors.

Effects of ammonia exposure on growth performance and cytokines in the serum, trachea, and ileum of broilers.

This study investigated the effects of ammonia (NH) exposure (0, 15, 25, and 35 ppm) on growth performance and cytokines in the serum, trachea, and ileum of broilers. A total of 288 22-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 12 chickens for a 21-D trial period. Growth performance and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) concentrations in the serum, trachea, and ileum were measured in response to 3, 7, 14, or 21 D of exposure to NH.

Effects of stocking density on growth performance, growth regulatory factors, and endocrine hormones in broilers under appropriate environments.

Stocking density is an important environment factor that affects the development of poultry farming, which has caused widespread concern. This study was carried out to determine the effects of stocking density on growth performance, growth regulatory factors, and endocrine hormones in broilers under appropriate environments. A total of 144 Arbor Acres male broilers (BW 1000 ± 70 g) were randomly divided into low stocking density (LSD; 6.

An Insight into the Difficulties in the Discovery of Specific Biomarkers of Limbal Stem Cells.

Keeping the integrity and transparency of the cornea is the most important issue to ensure normal vision. There are more than 10 million patients going blind due to the cornea diseases worldwide. One of the effective ways to cure corneal diseases is corneal transplantation.

A proteomic approach reveals the differential protein expression in treated with red ginseng extract ().

Background: Red ginseng is a popularly used traditional medicine with antiaging effects in Asian countries. The present study aimed to explore the changes in protein expression underlying the mechanisms of life span extension and antiaging caused by red ginseng extract (RGE) in .

Methods: A proteomic approach of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to identify the differential abundance of possible target proteins of RGE in .

Practical Application of Aptamer-Based Biosensors in Detection of Low Molecular Weight Pollutants in Water Sources.

Water pollution has become one of the leading causes of human health problems. Low molecular weight pollutants, even at trace concentrations in water sources, have aroused global attention due to their toxicity after long-time exposure. There is an increased demand for appropriate methods to detect these pollutants in aquatic systems.

Cigarette smoking is associated with increased diastolic blood pressure among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians.

Objective: Cigarette smoking has been confirmed as a factor influencing arterial blood pressure. In the present study, we studied whether cigarette smoking habits were still associated with arterial blood pressure among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians.

Methods: The present study analyzed data from a survey conducted on all residents aged 90 years or more in the DuJiangYan district (in total 2,311,709 inhabitants) in 2005.

The polymorphism of CLOCK gene 3111T/C C>T is associated with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease in Chinese population.

Objectives: In the present study, it was examined whether polymorphism of circadian locomotor output cycle kaput (CLOCK) gene 3111T/C was associated with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: This study was conducted using a case-control method. Genotypes of apolipoprotein E (APOE e4) and CLOCK gene 3111T/C were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism method and TaqMan assay method, respectively.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).

Objective: We observed the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) using a case-control study.

Methods: The case was a cohort that included 50 patients with AD. For each case subject, 1 control who was of similar age, sex, daily activities (scale of Lawton), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and depression (15-item Geriatrics Depression Scale) was recruited.

Age and risk for depression among the elderly: a meta-analysis of the published literature.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between age and risk for depression among the old and the oldest old. Method MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were used to identify potential studies. The studies were divided into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets.

Association of serum lipid/lipoprotein with Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-γ2 among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians.

Background And Aims: In previous studies, the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2) was shown to be associated with both lipid metabolism and longevity. We examined whether the polymorphism continued to be associated with abnormal levels of serum lipid/lipoprotein among elderly subjects (≥90 years).

Methods: The Pro12Ala variant was examined using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

No association between hypertension and risk for Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

This study examined the association between hypertension and AD by using a quantitative meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for articles published up to February 2011. All studies that examined the association of hypertension or antihypertensive medication use with the onset of AD were included.

Cognitive function and risk for depression in old age: a meta-analysis of published literature.

Background: We assessed the relationship between cognitive impairment (including mild cognitive impairment with no signs of dementia, and dementia) and risk for depression in old age (60 years and older).

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library database were used to identify potential studies. All of the clinical studies that produced data on the association between cognitive function and risk of depression among individuals aged 55 years or older were identified and included in this review.

Cognitive impairment and depression among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians.

Purpose: In this study, we explored the association between cognitive impairment and depression in the very elderly using a sample aged 90-108 years.

Methods: A cross-sectional study.

Results: The sample included 682 unrelated Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians (67.

Health status and risk for depression among the elderly: a meta-analysis of published literature.

Objective: the goal of this study was to determine the relationship between health status, including self-rated health status and chronic disease, and risk for depression among the elderly.

Method: MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library Database were used to identify potential studies. The studies were classified into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets.

Association of cognitive impairment with smoking, alcohol consumption, tea consumption, and exercise among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians.

Purpose: In the present study, we observed the association of cognitive impairment with current/former habits of smoking, alcohol consumption, tea consumption, and exercise among very old people using a Chinese cohort aged 90 to 108 years.

Methods: A cross-sectional study.

Results: The sample included 681 unrelated Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians (67.

Chronic diseases and risk for depression in old age: a meta-analysis of published literature.

Objective: We assessed the relationship between chronic diseases and risk for depression in old age.

Method: MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library database were used to identify potential studies. All of the clinical studies that obtained data on the association between chronic diseases and risk of depression among individuals aged 55 years or older were identified and included in this review.

Cognitive impairment and hypertension among Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians.

In this study, we explore the association between hypertension and cognitive impairment in the very elderly, using a sample ranging in age from 90 to 108 years. This work was conducted as a cross-sectional study. Our population included 782 unrelated Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians (67.

Collaborative care interventions for depression in the elderly: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To determine the effective components and the feasibility of collaborative care interventions (CCIs) in the treatment of depression in older patients.

Methods: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials, in which CCIs were used to manage depression in patients aged 60 or older.

Results: We identified 3 randomized controlled trials involving 3930 participants, 2757 of whom received CCIs and the others received usual care.