A hierarchical WC/NiCoW hollow nanotube array as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds great potential for sustainable hydrogen production but developing efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts remains challenging. Here, we report the synthesis of a hierarchical WC/NiCoW hollow nanotube array electrocatalyst, featuring rapid gas release to minimize bubble aggregation and reaction retardation. Mechanistic insights into the HER kinetics reveal enhanced electron transfer at the WC-NiCoW interface and an accelerated Volmer step.

Microscopic messengers: microbiota-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a persistent and complex condition accomplished by inflammation of the gastrointestinal system, encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This condition is caused by the combination of genetic predispositions, environmental triggers, and dysregulated immunological responses, which complicates diagnosis and treatment. The latest developments in gastroenterology have revealed the critical significance of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD.

A review on the treatment of hyperlipidemia with Erchen Decoction.

Hyperlipidemia, commonly referred to as dyslipidemia, is characterized by elevated serum cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels. This condition contributes significantly to the high mortality rates associated with cardiovascular diseases, posing a serious threat to global health. Although statins remain the predominant pharmacological treatment for hyperlipidemia, their associated side effects have led to a growing interest in alternative therapeutic approaches.

[Biological total hip arthroplasty combined with impacting bone grafting for the treatment of moderate to severe acetabular invagination secondary to rheumatoid arthritis].

Objective: To explore the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of biological total hip arthroplasty(THA) combined with impacting bone grafting for the treatment of moderate to severe acetabular invagination secondary to rheumatoid arthritis(RA).

Methods: Total of 20 patients(28 hips) with RA secondary to acetabular invagination were treated with THA of bioprosthesis combined with autogenous bone grafting from January 2012 to October 2020, including 5 males(8 hips) and 15 females(20 hips) with an average age of (55.10±4.

Triage performance of DNA methylation for women with high-risk human papillomavirus infection.

Objective: DNA methylation is a promising biomarker for cervical cancer screening. This study aimed to validate the triage performance of cytological DNA methylation for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) in women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection from a large prospective cohort undergoing opportunistic screening in China (METHY3).

Methods: The triage performance for detecting CIN3+ lesions was compared between HPV16/18 genotyping, a liquid-based cytology (LBC) test, and the PAX1 and JAM3 methylation (PAX1m/JAM3m) test according to cervical pathologic outcomes.

Dietary patterns and risk of multiple cancers: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies.

Background: Numerous prospective cohort studies have investigated the influence of dietary patterns on the risks of various cancers, although the findings differed.

Objectives: To evaluate the associations of dietary patterns with risks of various cancers and assess the strength and validity of the evidence.

Methods: Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases from inception to February 22, 2024.

Application Value of Ureteral Stents in Adjunctive Treatment for Renal Tuberculosis.

Introduction: This study aims to assess and enhance the application value of ureteral stents in the adjunctive treatment of renal tuberculosis, thus providing a robust evidence-based framework for guiding clinical management strategies.

Methods: A total of 360 patients diagnosed with renal tuberculosis between January 2019 and December 2023 were meticulously selected for this study. Utilizing a random number table, the patients were stratified into a control group and a study group, with 180 patients in each cohort.

Secondary Organic Aerosol from Biomass Burning Phenolic Compounds and Nitrate Radicals can be Highly Viscous over a Wide Relative Humidity Range.

Biomass burning events, including wildfires, can emit large amounts of phenolic compounds such as guaiacol. These phenolic compounds can undergo oxidation by nitrate radicals (NO) to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Viscosity and hygroscopicity are key properties that affect SOA's role in atmospheric chemistry, air quality, climate and public health.

Corrigendum: Deep learning-driven ultrasound-assisted diagnosis: optimizing GallScopeNet for precise identification of biliary atresia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.

The Simulation of Mode Control for a Photonic Lantern Adaptive Amplifier.

A photonic lantern is a low-loss device that connects a single multimode waveguide to multiple single-mode waveguides and can enhance the beam quality of a fiber laser by adaptively controlling the optical parameters (amplitude, phase, polarization) at the input. In this work, we combined the gains and losses of individual modes within the fiber amplifier and introduced a mode content parameter at the amplifier's output as an evaluation function to simulate mode control effects. Mode competition within the gain fiber can degrade the control effect of the fundamental mode and lead to it taking a longer time for the control to converge.

Familial Pancreatic Cancer Research: Bridging Gaps in Basic Research and Clinical Application.

Familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) represents a significant yet underexplored area in pancreatic cancer research. Basic research efforts are notably limited, and when present, they are predominantly centered on the and mutations due to the scarcity of other genetic variants associated with FPC, leading to a limited understanding of the broader genetic landscape of FPC. This review examines the current state of FPC research, focusing on the molecular mechanisms driving pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression.

Queen Bee Larva, an Edible By-Product of Royal Jelly, Alleviate D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Mouse by Regulating Gut Microbiota Structure and Amino Acid Metabolism.

Queen bee larva (QBL), as a by-product of royal jelly, is a kind of protein-rich edible insect. However, the development and utilization of QBL have been very limited for an extended period, resulting in considerable economic waste. Notably, QBL has substantial potential for anti-aging treatments; however, systematic studies have been scarce.

Validation of Ultrasound Measurement of Vastus Lateralis for Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hemodialysis.

Background: Chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are at a high risk of developing sarcopenia. This study aimed to validate the performance of ultrasound (US) measurements of the vastus lateralis (VL) for estimating muscle mass and diagnosing sarcopenia in CKD patients with HD.

Methods: Forty-six patients were enrolled in this study.

Beliefs underlying weight control behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults living with obesity: an elicitation qualitative study.

Background: Weight control behaviors are commonly observed among adolescents and emerging adults. However, the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in both these age groups remains an imperative health concern. Adolescents and emerging adults represent the most vulnerable groups facing the health burden of obesity.

Identification of priority factors for risk control of trace toxic elements in surface resuspended dust of university campuses.

The surface resuspended dust (SRD) that accumulates trace toxic elements (TTEs) can be suspended in the atmosphere and can be transported to other areas, such as campuses, through airflow. The risks and sources of TTEs in university campus SRD have not been thoroughly explored, especially the priority factors for TTEs pollution and risk control in the SRD. Taking Xi'an as a case, this study quantitatively apportioned the sources of TTEs in the SRD of university campuses using positive matrix factorization method, evaluated the ecological and health risks of the specific-source TTEs in the SRD using Monte Carlo simulation method, and determined the priority factors for risk control of TTEs in the SRD.

Biomineralized apoferritin nanoparticles delivering dihydroartemisinin and calcium for synergistic breast cancer therapy.

Breast cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies and poses a severe health risk to women. In recent years, ferroptosis therapy has been considered a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer by promoting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation (LPO) accumulation. However, insufficient intracellular ROS levels and suboptimal drug accumulation within breast cancer lesions hinder the efficacy of ferroptosis as a single oncological treatment modality.

Robust special wettability materials for oil-water separation: Mechanisms and strategies.

Special wettability materials have been favored by researchers in recent years, and have played a great role in a variety of fields such as fog water collection, anti-fog, anti-icing, self-cleaning, etc. Especially in the field of oil-water separation, the frequent occurrence of offshore oil spills has seriously endangered the ecological environment. Inspired by nature, researchers have developed and manufactured a lot of bionic special wettability materials, which are expected to be effective in oil-water separation and solve the problem.

Targeting Disulfidptosis with Potentially Bioactive Natural Products in Metabolic Cancer Therapy.

Background: Metabolic cancers are defined by metabolic reprogramming. Although this reprograming drives rapid tumour growth and invasion, it also reveals specific metabolic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited in cancer therapy. A novel form of programmed cell death, known as disulfidptosis, was identified last year; tumour cells with high SLC7A11 expression undergo disulfidptosis when deprived of glucose.

Protocatechuic acid relieves ferroptosis in hepatic lipotoxicity and steatosis via regulating NRF2 signaling pathway.

Ferroptosis represents a newly programmed cell death, and the process is usually accompanied with iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Importantly, ferroptosis is implicated in a myriad of diseases. Recent literature suggests a potential position of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the most widespread liver ailment worldwide.

Transplantation of human neural stem cells repairs neural circuits and restores neurological function in the stroke-injured brain.

Exogenous neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has become one of the most promising treatment methods for chronic stroke. Recent studies have shown that most ischemia-reperfusion model rats recover spontaneously after injury, which limits the ability to observe long-term behavioral recovery. Here, we used a severe stroke rat model with 150 minutes of ischemia, which produced severe behavioral deficiencies that persisted at 12 weeks, to study the therapeutic effect of neural stem cells on neural restoration in chronic stroke.

A rare early gastric mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms misdignosed to early gastric cancer.

Recently, mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) have attracted more attention. However, early gastric MiNEN is uncommon, and there are rare reports on the characteristics of it. As its clinical and endoscopic features are resemble to early gastric cancer (EGC), it can be easily misdiagnosed.