[Directed evolution of chitinase Chisb and biosynthesis of chitooligosaccharides].

Chitinase has a wide industrial application prospect. For example, it can degrade shrimp shells, crab shells and other crustacean waste into high value-added chitooligosaccharides. However, the low catalytic efficiency of chitinase greatly limits the production of chitooligosaccharides.

Engineering the Substrate Transport and Cofactor Regeneration Systems for Enhancing 2'-Fucosyllactose Synthesis in .

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been proven to be beneficial to infants' intestinal health and immune systems. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant and thoroughly studied HMO and has been approved to be an additive of infant formula. How to construct efficient and safe microbial cell factories for the production of 2'-FL attracts increasing attention.

Modular pathway engineering of key precursor supply pathways for lacto--neotetraose production in .

Background: Lacto--neotetraose (LNnT) is one of the important ingredients of human milk oligosaccharides, which can enhance immunity, regulate intestinal bacteria and promote cell maturation.

Results: In this study, the synthetic pathway of LNnT was constructed by co-expressing the lactose permease (LacY) β-1,3--acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LgtA) and β-1,4-galactostltransferase (LgtB) in , resulting in an LNnT titer of 0.61 g/L.

A Phase I, Randomized, Single-Dose Study Evaluating the Biosimilarity of TAB008 to Bevacizumab in Healthy Volunteers.

This study compared the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and immunogenicity of the biosimilar TAB008 monoclonal antibody to bevacizumab (Avastin) in normal healthy Chinese male volunteers. In this randomized, double-blind, parallel controlled study, a total of 100 healthy Chinese male subjects were randomized (1:1) to receive a single 1 mg/kg intravenous dose of TAB008 or Avastin over a 90-min infusion. The subjects were followed for 99 days after drug administration.

Atom transfer radical polymer-modified paper for improvement in protein fixation in paper-based ELISA.

A newly modified paper-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (P-ELISA) was established by immobilizing more proteins on the paper surface through an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reaction. In addition, introducing graphene oxide (GO) sheets, Au nanoparticles (AuNps) and two primary antibodies (Ab1s) led to signal amplification and cost reduction.

[Carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface and the main influencing factors from diffe-rent aquaculture systems of Sebastes schlegelii and Chlamys farreri].

The static chamber-gas chromatography method was applied to observe CO fluxes across the water-air interface from different aquaculture systems, including four groups of mesocosms, i.e., blank control system (CK), monoculture system of Sebastes schlegelii (F), monoculture system of Chlamys farreri (B) and polyculture system of S.

Creating an in vivo bifunctional gene expression circuit through an aptamer-based regulatory mechanism for dynamic metabolic engineering in Bacillus subtilis.

Aptamer-based regulatory biosensors can dynamically regulate the expression of target genes in response to ligands and could be used in dynamic metabolic engineering for pathway optimization. However, the existing aptamer-ligand biosensors can only function with non-complementary DNA elements that cannot replicate in growing cells. Here, we construct an aptamer-based synthetic regulatory circuit that can dynamically upregulate and downregulate the expression of target genes in response to the ligand thrombin at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively, and further used this system to dynamically engineer the synthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) in Bacillus subtilis.

Synthetic N-terminal coding sequences for fine-tuning gene expression and metabolic engineering in Bacillus subtilis.

N-terminal coding sequences (NCSs) of genes significantly influence gene expression at the translation level and are important for fine-tuning gene expression in bacteria, however, engineering NCSs to fine-tune metabolic pathways is challenging. Here, we developed a statistics-guided native and synthetic NCSs engineering approach to fine-tune gene expression in the industrially important microorganism Bacillus subtilis. This method is based on experimentally characterizing and statistically analyzing 96 rationally selected NCSs from B.

Engineering a Bifunctional Phr60-Rap60-Spo0A Quorum-Sensing Molecular Switch for Dynamic Fine-Tuning of Menaquinone-7 Synthesis in .

Quorum sensing (QS)-based dynamic regulation has been widely used as basic tool for fine-tuning gene expression in response to cell density changes without adding expensive inducers. However, most reported QS systems primarily relied on down-regulation rather than up-regulation of gene expression, significantly limiting its potential as a molecular switch to control metabolic flux. To solve this challenge, we developed a bifunctional and modular Phr60-Rap60-Spo0A QS system, based on two native promoters, (down-regulation by Spo0A-P) and (up-regulation by Spo0A-P).

Secretory Expression Fine-Tuning and Directed Evolution of Diacetylchitobiose Deacetylase by Bacillus subtilis.

Diacetylchitobiose deacetylase has great application potential in the production of chitosan oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. This work aimed to achieve high-level secretory production of diacetylchitobiose deacetylase by and perform molecular engineering to improve catalytic performance. First, we screened 12 signal peptides for diacetylchitobiose deacetylase secretion in , and the signal peptide YncM achieved the highest extracellular diacetylchitobiose deacetylase activity of 13.

Amino Acid Imprinted UiO-66s for Highly Recognized Adsorption of Small Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-Inhibitory Peptides.

Introduction of targeted defects into microporous UiO-66s for manipulating their three-dimensional size and surface properties can endow them with adsorption and separation areas involving angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitory (ACE-inhibitory) peptides. Three hydrophobic amino acids (AAs) (i.e.

The SOX4/miR-17-92/RB1 Axis Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression.

Although androgen-deprivation treatment (ADT) is the main treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), it eventually fails. This failure invariably leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the development of the neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype. The molecular basis for PCa progression remains unclear.

MicroRNA-132 protects H9c2 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation-evoked injury by targeting FOXO3A.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a clinically familiar disease, which possesses a great negative impact on human health. But, the effective treatment is still absent. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been testified to play a momentous role in MIRI.

The mediating roles of caregiver social support and self-efficacy on caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Most studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) have focused on the direct effects of social support and self-efficacy on caregiver burden. This study aimed to test our prediction that caregiver self-efficacy and social support were two chaining mediator variables on the paths for patient factors affecting caregiver burden, caregiver anxiety, and depression.

Method: We enrolled patients with PD and their caregivers from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in China between July and December 2017.

Metabolic engineering of S9114 based on whole-genome sequencing for efficient -acetylglucosamine synthesis.

Glucosamine (GlcN) and its acetylated derivative -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) are widely used in the pharmaceutical industries. Here, we attempted to achieve efficient production of GlcNAc via genomic engineering of . Specifically, we ligated the gene, which converts GlcN-6-phosphate to GlcNAc-6-phosphate by transferring the acetyl group in Acetyl-CoA to the amino group of GlcN-6-phosphate, into the plasmid pJYW4 and then transformed this recombinant vector into the ATCC 13032, ATCC 13869, ATCC 14067, and S9114 strains, and we assessed the GlcNAc titers at 0.

GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide protects against high free fatty acids-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Increased free fatty acids (FFA) are one of the risk factors for type 2 diabetes. FFA also contribute to endothelial dysfunction in both the prediabetes and diabetes conditions. Therefore, FFA are an important link between diabetes and endothelial dysfunction.

Ghrelin Fights Against Titanium Particle-Induced Inflammatory Osteolysis Through Activation of β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Aseptic loosening is a major complication of prosthetic joint surgery, in which exaggerated inflammation and impaired osteoblastogenesis are detected. Ghrelin is a recently discovered neuropeptide that is closely associated with inflammatory conditions and bone regeneration. Here, we report that titanium particles inhibited ghrelin expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Towards semi-synthetic microbial communities: enhancing soy sauce fermentation properties in B. subtilis co-cultures.

Background: Many fermented foods and beverages are produced through the action of complex microbial communities. Synthetic biology approaches offer the ability to genetically engineer these communities to improve the properties of these fermented foods. Soy sauce is a fermented condiment with a vast global market.

Risk classification for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease in primary care.

There is a pressing need to identify individuals at high risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on available repeated cognitive measures in primary care. Using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we applied a joint latent class mixed model (JLCM) to derive a 3-class solution: low risk (72.65%), medium risk (20.

Sitagliptin protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury.

Inhibition of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced insult in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) has been considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we found that H/R significantly increased the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 in CMECs. Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, a licensed drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ameliorated H/R-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the expression of NOX-4 and restoring the intracellular level of GSH in CMECs.

The Mechanisms of Social Immunity Against Fungal Infections in Eusocial Insects.

Entomopathogenic fungus as well as their toxins is a natural threat surrounding social insect colonies. To defend against them, social insects have evolved a series of unique disease defenses at the colony level, which consists of behavioral and physiological adaptations. These colony-level defenses can reduce the infection and poisoning risk and improve the survival of societal members, and is known as social immunity.

Microbial production of sialic acid and sialylated human milk oligosaccharides: Advances and perspectives.

Sialic acids (SAs) are important functional sugars, and monomers of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (sialylated HMOs or sialyllactoses), which are crucial for improving infant development and can facilitate infant brain development, maintain brain health, and enhance immunity. The most common form of SA is N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), and the main forms of sialyllactoses are 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) and 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL). As functional food additive, the demand for NeuAc and sialyllactoses will continuously increase due to their wide and important fields of application.

General Oxidative Aryl C-P Bond Formation through Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Coupling of Aroylhydrazides with P(O)H Compounds.

Oxidative C-C/P-H cross-coupling is achieved via Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative cross-coupling of aroylhydrazides with P(O)H compounds. The unique cooperative reaction system, especially the Brønsted acid and bidentate phosphine ligand, allows the selective activation of the inert C-C bond and the suppression of the undesired oxidation and coordination of >P(O)-H compounds, leading to a general oxidative synthesis of aryl phosphorus compounds from easily available substrates.

FGF adsorbed mesoporous bioactive glass with larger pores in enhancing bone tissue engineering.

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is performed as a bone tissue engineering material because of its good bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoinducion characteristics. Here, we propose MBG with larger pores (MBG-L) adsorbed fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to facilitate osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Specifically, we observed that MBG-L promotes calcium deposit precipitation in vitro.